thinking, language, and creativity are specific for mankind. Intertwined with the evolution of these uniquely human capacities might be the emergence of a uniquely human conditionschizophrenia. Traditionally considered a chronic and debilitating disorder, schizophrenia manifests itself by a combination of psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), motivational difficulties, and cognitive dysfunctions. 1 Cognitive deficits, such as problems in abstract thinking, language, and executive functioning, are considered the core pathology in schizophrenia. 2 In fact, in persons with a nonaffective psychotic disorder, cognitive deficits can be traced back to childhood, as early as to 18 months of age, 3 suggesting that there is an intrinsic vulnerability to schizophrenia, present before its full-