Population-Based Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Infants in the Trachoma Endemic Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Nash, Scott D.; Chernet, Ambahun; Astale, Tigist; Sata, Eshetu; Zerihun, Mulat; Nute, Andrew W.; Jensen, Kimberly A; Gessese, Demelash; Ayele, Zebene; Melak, Berhanu; Mahteme, Haile; Zeru, Tàye; Tadesse, Zerihun; Callahan, E. Kelly

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0873

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…11,12 Operational research conducted within these districts has examined MDA coverage in Amhara, as well as the potential contributions of antimicrobial resistance, water, sanitation, and hygiene characteristics, and untreated infants toward persistently high trachoma. [13][14][15][16] In this report, districts considered hyperendemic (TF . 30%) for trachoma after 8 years of interventions had an average C. trachomatis prevalence of .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, after 8 Years of Trachoma Control Interventions

Nash

Chernet

Weiss

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Although trachoma mass drug administration (MDA) programs target ocular Chlamydia trachomatis, the global trachoma control program does not monitor infection as a measure of impact but instead relies on monitoring clinical indicators. This study aimed to monitor the prevalence of ocular C. trachomatis among a population-based sample of children ages 1–5 years throughout Amhara, Ethiopia, a region that has received approximately 8 years of annual MDA as part of trachoma control. Between 2014 and 2021, trachoma impact surveys and surveillance surveys were conducted in all 156 districts of Amhara using a multistage cluster randomized methodology. Certified graders assessed individuals ages ≥ 1 year for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), and a random subset of children ages 1–5 years also provided a conjunctival swab. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test for C. trachomatis. A total of 28,410 conjunctival swabs were collected from children ages 1–5 years across Amhara. The regional C. trachomatis infection prevalence was 4.7% (95% uncertainty interval: 4.3–5.1%). Infection was detected in all 10 zones of the region and ranged from 0.2% in Awi Zone to 11.9% in Waghemra Zone. Infection was detected in 17 (26%) districts with a TF prevalence < 10% and in 7 (21%) districts with a TF prevalence < 5%. Through programmatic monitoring of C. trachomatis infection, this study demonstrated that considerable infection remained throughout Amhara despite approximately 8 years of trachoma interventions and that enhanced interventions such as more frequent than annual MDA will be needed if elimination thresholds are to be reached.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, after 8 Years of Trachoma Control Interventions

Nash

Chernet

Weiss

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Trachoma

Solomon

Burton

Gower

et al. 2022

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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Behavioral Responses for Face Cleanliness Message to Prevent Trachoma Among Mothers Having Children Age 1–9 Years Old, in Fogera District, Northwest Ethiopia: An Application of Extended Parallel Process Model

Muche¹,

Wasihun²,

Wondiye³

et al. 2023

IJGM

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Background Trachoma is an eye disease caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. This infection causes papillary and/or follicular inflammation of the tarsal conjunctiva referred to as active trachoma. Active trachoma prevalence among 1 to 9 years old children is 27.2% in Fogera district (study area). Many people still require the implementation of the face cleanliness components of the SAFE strategy. Even if face cleanness is an important component to prevent trachoma, there is limited research done on this area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess behavioral responses to face cleanliness messages to prevent trachoma among mothers having children aged 1 to 9 years old. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the guidance of an extended parallel process model in Fogera District from December 01 to December 30, 2022. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 611 study participants. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of behavioral responses using SPSS V.23 significant variables were declared by AOR at a 95% confidence interval and a p-value <0.05. Result Among the total participants, 292 (47.8%) were in danger control. Residence [AOR = 2.91; 95% CI: (1.44–3.86)], marital status [AOR = 0.79; 95% CI: (0.667–0.939)], level of education [AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: (1.546–3.65)], family size [AOR = 0.57; 95% CI: (0.453–0.867)], round trip to collect water [AOR = 0.79; 95% CI: (0.423–0.878)], having information about face washing [AOR = 3.79; 95% CI: (2.661–5.952)], Source of an information health facility [AOR = 2.76; 95% CI: (1.645–4.965)], school [AOR = 3.68; 95% CI: (1.648–7.530)], health extension workers [AOR = 3.96; 95% CI: (2.928–6.752)], Women development army [AOR = 2.809; 95% CI: (1.681–4.962)], knowledge [AOR = 2.065; 95% CI: (1.325–4.427)] self-esteem [AOR = 1.013; 95% CI: (1.001–1.025)], self-control [AOR = 1.132; 95%CI: (1.04–1.24)], and future orientation [AOR = 2.16; 95% CI: (1.345–4.524)] were found to be statistically significant predictors of behavioral response. Conclusion Less than half of the participants were in the danger control response. Residence, marital status, level of education, family size, face-washing information, source of information, knowledge, self-esteem, self-control, and future orientation were independent predictors of face cleanliness. Strategies of face cleanliness messages should give high attention to perceived efficacy with consideration of perceived threat.

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Population-Based Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Infants in the Trachoma Endemic Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, after 8 Years of Trachoma Control Interventions

Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, after 8 Years of Trachoma Control Interventions

Trachoma

Behavioral Responses for Face Cleanliness Message to Prevent Trachoma Among Mothers Having Children Age 1–9 Years Old, in Fogera District, Northwest Ethiopia: An Application of Extended Parallel Process Model

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