Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review

Lai, Chih Cheng; Wang, Jui Hsiang; Hsueh, Po-Ren

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.011

Cited by 202 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…These rates indicate that ≈16% of the district’s population acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection during August and ≈14% during September 2020. These rates are much higher than those reported from other parts of the world ( 8 ), but are similar to a high seropositivity rate of 57% reported in slum areas of Mumbai ( 9 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence and Time Trend of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Puducherry, India, August–October 2020

Kar¹,

Sarkar²,

Murali³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence and Time Trend of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Puducherry, India, August–October 2020

Kar¹,

Sarkar²,

Murali³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Researches published demonstrates similar trend, nevertheless, they also indicate no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of antibodies by gender similar to our analysis when observed closely. [ 20 , 29 , 32 ] Gender differences have been previously studied in adaptive immune systems and may account for the female advantage in COVID-19 [30] . This explains why such difference in circulating antibodies is not significant, though males were more prone to be infected than females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among health care workers prior to vaccine administration in Europe, the USA and East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Knowing the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies across geographic regions before vaccine administration is one key piece of knowledge to achieve herd immunity. While people of all ages, occupations, and communities are at risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, the health care workers (HCWs) are possibly at the highest risk. Most seroprevalence surveys with HCWs conducted worldwide have been limited to Europe, North America, and East Asia. We aimed to understand how the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies varied across these geographic regions among HCWs based on the available evidences. Methods By searching through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, eligible studies published from January 1, 2020 to January 15, 2021 were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of IgG seropositive HCWs. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and confirmed by Egger's test. Heterogeneity was quantified using I 2 statistics. We performed sensitivity analyses based on sample size, diagnostic method and publication status. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020219086). Findings A total of 53 peer-reviewed articles were selected, including 173,353 HCWs (32.7% male) from the United States, ten European, and three East Asian countries. The overall seropositive prevalence rate of IgG antibodies was 8.6% in these regions (95% CI= 7.2–9.9%). Pooled seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was higher in studies conducted in the USA (12.4%, 95% CI= 7.8–17%) than in Europe (7.7%, 95% CI=6.3–9.2%) and East Asia (4.8%, 95% CI=2.9–6.7%). The subgroup study also estimated that male HCWs had 9.4% (95% CI= 7.2–11.6%) IgG seroconversion, and female HCWs had 7.8% (95% CI=5.9–9.7%). The study exhibits a high prevalence of IgG antibodies among HCWs under 40 years in the USA, conversely, it was high in older HCWs (≥40 years of age) in Europe and East Asia. In the months February-April 2020, the estimated pooled seroprevalence was 5.7% (4.0–7.4%) that increased to 8·2% (6.2–10%) in April-May and further to 9.9% (6.9–12.9%) in the May-September time-period. Interpretation In the view of all evidence to date, a significant variation in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HCWs is observed in regions of Europe, the United States, and East Asia. The patterns of IgG antibodies by time, age, and gender suggest noticeable regional differences in transmission of the virus. Based on the insights driven from the analysis, priority is required for effective vaccination for older HCWs from Europe and East Asia. A considerable high seroprevalence of IgG among HCWs from the USA suggests a high rate of past infection that indicates the need to take adequate measures to prevent hospital spread. Moreover, the seroprevalence trend was not substantially changed after May 2020, suggesting a slow ...

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“…However, over time, the rate may increase or decrease. Periodic surveillance of seroprevalence at each site should be determined to ascertain the epidemiology of COVID-19 ( 94 ).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

Siddique

Abbas²,

Mansoor

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranks third in terms of fatal coronavirus diseases threatening public health, coming after SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) causes COVID-19. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the current outbreak of COVID-19 is the sixth global health emergency. As of December 3, 2020, 64 million people worldwide have been affected by this malaise, and the global economy has experienced a loss of more than $1 trillion. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus. The high nucleotide sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with the BatCoV RaTG13 genome has indicated that bats could be the possible host of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the host cell via binding its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is similar to the mechanisms of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. COVID-19 can spread from person to person via respiratory droplets and airborne and contaminated fomites. Moreover, it poses a significant risk to smokers, the elderly, immunocompromised people, and those with preexisting comorbidities. Two main approaches are used to control viral infections, namely, vaccination, and biosecurity. Studies to analyze the antigenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates are underway, and few vaccines may be available in the near future. In the current situation, the Human Biosecurity Emergency (HBE) may be the only way to cope effectively with the novel SARS-CoV-2 strain. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the origin of COVID-19 as well as its epidemiological relationship with humans and animals, genomic resemblance, immunopathogenesis, clinical-laboratory signs, diagnosis, control and prevention, and treatment. Moreover, we discuss the interventional effects of various nutrients on COVID-19 in detail. However, multiple possibilities are explored to fight COVID-19, and the greatest efforts targeted toward finding an effective vaccine in the near future. Furthermore, antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids, both synthetic and natural, could play a crucial role in the fight against COVID-19.

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Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review

Cited by 202 publications

References 72 publications

Prevalence and Time Trend of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Puducherry, India, August–October 2020

Prevalence and Time Trend of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Puducherry, India, August–October 2020

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among health care workers prior to vaccine administration in Europe, the USA and East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

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