Population-Based Study of Trachoma in Guatemala

Silva, Juan Carlos; Díaz, Mariuska Morales; Maul, Eugenio; Muñoz, Beatriz; West, Sheila K.

doi:10.3109/09286586.2015.1037846

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Villages with a population < 250 persons were excluded because of concerns of meeting the minimum sample size requirements, and towns with a population > 5,000 persons were excluded from the sampling frame as they were considered as urban centers. 8–10 In the second stage, the village community leaders created a list of households by household father’s name, and individual households were grouped into 5-household “segments” and numbered. The numbers were written on individual pieces of paper and placed in a bowl for random selection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress toward Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Seven Localities in the Republic of Sudan: Results from Population-Based Surveys

Sanders

Abdalla²,

Elshafie

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. After baseline surveys demonstrated that Sudan was endemic for trachoma, the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) Trachoma Control Program conducted trachoma prevention and treatment interventions in endemic localities. The Sudan FMOH conducted population-based trachoma prevalence surveys between September 2016 and April 2017 in seven localities across five states of Sudan to document current trachoma prevalence estimates and measure water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators. Children aged 1–9 years were examined for five clinical signs of trachoma, and participants of all ages were examined for trachomatous trichiasis (TT). A household questionnaire was administered to gather demographic and WASH-related information. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years ranged from 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1–1.1%) to 6.4% (95% CI: 3.3–11.9%). Trachomatous trichiasis in those aged 15 years and older ranged from 0.1% (95% CI: 0.0–0.6%) to a high of 4.4% (95% CI: 2.1–9.1%). Of seven localities surveyed, four localities had achieved the elimination threshold of less than 5% TF in children aged 1–9 years. Six localities still required interventions to achieve less than 0.2% TT in those aged 15 years and older. The presence of latrine ranged from a low of 10.8% (95% CI: 5.2–21.1%) to 88.4% (CI: 81.5–93.0%) and clean face among children ranged between 69.5% (95% CI: 63.5–75.0%) and 87.5% (95% CI: 81.2–91.9%). These results demonstrate that Sudan is within reach of eliminating trachoma as a public health problem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress toward Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Seven Localities in the Republic of Sudan: Results from Population-Based Surveys

Sanders

Abdalla²,

Elshafie

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…TI was considered when there was pronounced inflammatory thickening of the upper tarsal conjunctiva obscuring more than half of the deep tarsal vasculature of the upper lid. The surveyed children were also examined for presence of unclean face utilizing the definition used by earlier studies (with any one of the following features—nasal or ocular discharge or flies around nose/ eyes) [ 16 ]. The face of the child was examined first followed by eyes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trachoma in Car-Nicobar Island, India after Three Annual Rounds of Mass Drug Administration with Azithromycin

et al. 2016

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BackgroundA high proportion of active trachoma infection in children of Car-Nicobar Island was reported through the Trachoma Rapid Assessment survey conducted in year 2010 by the same researchers. Annual mass drug treatment with azithromycin was administered from years 2010–12 to all individuals residing in this island for reducing the burden of active trachoma infection. A cross-sectional prevalence survey was conducted in the year 2013 to assess the post-treatment burden of trachoma in this population.MethodsIn the 15 randomly selected compact segments from each village of the island, children aged 1–9 years were examined for evidence of active trachoma infection and participants aged ten years and above were examined for trachomatous trichiasis and corneal opacity.ResultsA total of 809 children (1–9 years) and 2735 adults were examined. Coverage with azithromycin for all the three rounds was more than 80%. The prevalence of active trachoma infection in children aged 1–9 years old was 6.8% (95% CI 5.1, 8.5) and Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT) was 3.9% (95% CI 3.2, 4.6). The risk factors associated with active trachoma infection were older age and unclean faces. The risk factors associated with TT were older age and lower literacy level.ConclusionTrachoma has not been eliminated from Car-Nicobar Island in accordance to ‘Global Elimination of Trachoma, 2020’ guidelines. Sustained efforts and continuous surveillance admixed with adequate programmatic response is imperative for elimination of trachoma in the island.

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“…The only population-based data are from 2004 and were collected in only four departments (8) . Trachoma and trachomatous trichiasis are endemic (9) , but onchocerciasis was recently considered eliminated as a result of a large ivermectin distribution program carried out in previously endemic areas (10) . Using the RAAB methodology (11) , we investigated the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Guatemala in people ≥50 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National survey of blindness and visual impairment in Guatemala, 2015

Chávez

Barrios

Pojoy

et al. 2019

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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| Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in older adults living in Guatemala. Methods: Participants ≥50 years of age were selected using random cluster sampling and evaluated using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness method. Visual acuity was measured, and the lens was examined. If presenting visual acuity was <20/60, it was also tested with a pinhole and fundoscopy was performed. Blindness and visual impairment were classified as moderate visual impairment (presenting visual acuity <20/60 to 20/200), severe visual impairment (presenting visual acuity <20/200 to 20/400), or blindness (presenting visual acuity <20/400). The primary cause of blindness or visual impairment in each eye was determined, and if the cause was cataracts, the barriers to treatment were assessed. Results: The study included 3,850 people ≥50 years of age, of whom 3,760 (97.7%) were examined. The age-and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 2.0%-3.8%), while 5.2%

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Population-Based Study of Trachoma in Guatemala

Abstract: Trachoma is disappearing in the Sololá region in Guatemala. Health leadership may consider further mapping of villages around the areas with an especially high rate of trachoma and infection, and instituting trichiasis surgery and active trachoma intervention where needed.

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Progress toward Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Seven Localities in the Republic of Sudan: Results from Population-Based Surveys

Progress toward Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Seven Localities in the Republic of Sudan: Results from Population-Based Surveys

Prevalence of Trachoma in Car-Nicobar Island, India after Three Annual Rounds of Mass Drug Administration with Azithromycin

National survey of blindness and visual impairment in Guatemala, 2015

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