Population bottlenecks and founder effects: implications for mosquito-borne arboviral emergence

Weaver, Scott C.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Liu, Jianying; Vasilakis, Nikos

doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00482-8

Cited by 69 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…The limited genetic variability of outbreak strains during epidemics, sometimes with the predominance of a single genotype, is known for pathogens of both plants and animals, including vector-borne ones [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Accordingly, the majority of ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Genotyping of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Associated with Rubbery Taproot Disease of Sugar Beet in the Pannonian Plain

et al. 2021

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Rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet (RTD), associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, appeared in 2020 on an epidemic scale in northern Serbia and southern Slovakia, situated at opposite edges of the Pannonian Plain. In the affected locations where the disease was assessed, symptomatic sugar beets were analysed for phytoplasma infection. Additionally, multilocus sequence analyses of ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains on epidemiologically informative marker genes (tuf, stamp and vmp1) were performed. Symptomatic sugar beets from other countries of the Pannonian Plain (Croatia, Hungary and Austria), one sample from Germany, and red beets from Serbia were included in the analyses. ‘Ca. P. solani’ was detected in sugar beet in all assessed countries, as well as in red beet. Molecular analyses revealed the high genetic variability of ‘Ca. P. solani’ with the presence of all four tuf-types (a, b1, b2 and d), 14 stamp genotypes (seven new) and five vmp1 profiles (one new). The most common multilocus genotype in Serbia, Slovakia, Croatia, and Hungary was dSTOLg (tuf-d/STOL/V2-TA). It was dominant on sites with epidemic RTD outbreaks in the Pannonian Plain and in several sugar beet fields with non-epidemic RTD occurrence suggesting the prevalence of a particular epidemiological pathway during the epidemic’s phases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Genotyping of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Associated with Rubbery Taproot Disease of Sugar Beet in the Pannonian Plain

et al. 2021

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“…Infection of the hematophagous arthropod vector gut epithelium from a blood meal and subsequent spread to and infection of cells in the salivary gland is a requirement for sylvatic transmission of arboviruses (reviewed in [112, 113]). Very few studies have examined the role of HS or GAG binding in this process, and it is unclear if the spread of arboviruses in arthropods is analogous to viremic spread in vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosaminoglycan binding by arboviruses: a cautionary tale

Alcorn

Klimstra

2022

Journal of General Virology

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Arboviruses are medically important arthropod-borne viruses that cause a range of diseases in humans from febrile illness to arthritis, encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. Given their transmission cycles, these viruses face the challenge of replicating in evolutionarily divergent organisms that can include ticks, flies, mosquitoes, birds, rodents, reptiles and primates. Furthermore, their cell attachment receptor utilization may be affected by the opposing needs for generating high and sustained serum viremia in vertebrates such that virus particles are efficiently collected during a hematophagous arthropod blood meal but they must also bind sufficiently to cellular structures on divergent organisms such that productive infection can be initiated and viremia generated. Sulfated polysaccharides of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) groups, primarily heparan sulfate (HS), have been identified as cell attachment moieties for many arboviruses. Original identification of GAG binding as a phenotype of arboviruses appeared to involve this attribute arising solely as a consequence of adaptation of virus isolates to growth in cell culture. However, more recently, naturally circulating strains of at least one arbovirus, eastern equine encephalitis, have been shown to bind HS efficiently and the GAG binding phenotype continues to be associated with arbovirus infection in published studies. If GAGs are attachment receptors for many naturally circulating arboviruses, this could lead to development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies through blocking of the virus–GAG interaction. This review summarizes the available data for GAG/HS binding as a phenotype of naturally circulating arbovirus strains emphasizing the importance of avoiding tissue culture amplification and artifactual phenotypes during their isolation.

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“…A lot remains unknown about the bottlenecks of arboviruses propagation in mosquitoes (Weaver et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Rift Valley fever virus transmission potential across livestock hosts, quantified through a model-based analysis of host viral load and vector infection

Cecilia

Vriens

Kortekaas

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral, vector-borne, zoonotic disease. The relative contributions of livestock species to RVFV transmission has not been previously quantified. To estimate their potential to transmit the virus over the course of their infection, we 1) fitted a within-host model to viral RNA and infectious virus measures, obtained daily from infected lambs, calves, and young goats, 2) estimated the relationship between vertebrate host infectious titers and probability to infect mosquitoes, and 3) estimated the net infectiousness of each host species over the duration of their infectious periods, taking into account different survival outcomes for lambs. Our results indicate that the efficiency of viral replication, along with the lifespan of infectious particles, could be sources of heterogeneity between hosts. For similar infectious titers, we found that infection rates in Aedes spp. vectors were significantly higher than in Culex spp. vectors. Consequently, for Aedes infections, we estimated the net infectiousness of lambs to be 2.93 (median) and 3.65 times higher than that of calves and goats, respectively. Among lambs, individuals which eventually died from the infection were 1.93 times more infectious than lambs recovering. Beyond infectiousness, the relative contributions of host species to transmission depend on local ecological factors, including relative abundances and vector host-feeding preferences. Quantifying these contributions will ultimately help design efficient, targeted, surveillance and vaccination strategies.

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Population bottlenecks and founder effects: implications for mosquito-borne arboviral emergence

Cited by 69 publications

References 127 publications

Multilocus Genotyping of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Associated with Rubbery Taproot Disease of Sugar Beet in the Pannonian Plain

Multilocus Genotyping of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Associated with Rubbery Taproot Disease of Sugar Beet in the Pannonian Plain

Glycosaminoglycan binding by arboviruses: a cautionary tale

Heterogeneity of Rift Valley fever virus transmission potential across livestock hosts, quantified through a model-based analysis of host viral load and vector infection

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