Population characteristics and survival in 127 referred cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1997 to 2005)

BackgroundReductions in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations after treatment have been associated with improved survival in people with congestive heart failure (CHF), but have not been reported in cats with CHF.ObjectivesTo evaluate changes in NT‐proBNP concentrations in cats with CHF after treatment and determine whether serial NT‐proBNP measurements provide prognostic information.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned cats.MethodsProspective, observational study in cats with new onset CHF secondary to cardiomyopathy. Concentrations of NT‐proBNP were measured within 4 hours of admission to the hospital, on the day of discharge, and at re‐evaluation 7–10 days later.ResultsMedian NT‐proBNP concentrations decreased significantly from admission (1,713 pmol/L [range, 160–3,784 pmol/L]) to discharge (902 pmol/L [range, 147–3,223 pmol/L]); P = .005) and from admission to re‐evaluation (1,124 pmol/L [range, 111–2,727 pmol/L]; P = .024). Median survival time was 109 days (range, 1–709 days), with 5 cats still alive at the time of analysis. Cats with a larger percent decrease in NT‐proBNP from admission to discharge had a longer survival time (P = .048). Cats with evidence of active CHF at the time of re‐evaluation (P = .010) and cats whose owners had difficulty administering medications (P = .045) had shorter survival times.Conclusions and clinical importanceCats with a larger percent decrease in NT‐proBNP during hospitalization and no evidence of CHF at the time of re‐evaluation had longer survival times. Additional studies are needed to determine whether NT‐proBNP can help guide treatment in cats with CHF.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association between Survival Time and Changes inNT‐proBNPin Cats Treated for Congestive Heart Failure

Pierce

Freeman

Cunningham

et al. 2017

“…The clinical and prognostic value of LA size (determined echocardiographically) in cats with HCM has been repeatedly demonstrated, and thus is often used as a clinical surrogate of clinical severity and hemodynamic burden 5, 19, 31, 32, 33, 34. In our study, LV free wall thickness, RV chamber size, and RV function (as assessed by 2D TAPSE) were independently correlated with LA size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Size and Function in Cats With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Visser

Sloan

Stern

2017

BackgroundStudies evaluating right ventricular (RV) structural and functional abnormalities in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are limited.HypothesisRight ventricular structural and functional abnormalities are present in cats with HCM and are associated with clinical severity.AnimalsEighty‐one client‐owned cats.MethodsRetrospective 2‐dimensional (2D) echocardiographic study. Right atrial diameter (RAD), RV free wall thickness (RVFWd), RV internal dimension (RVIDd), RV fractional area change (FAC), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were measured in control cats (n = 26), cats with subclinical HCM (subclinical HCM; n = 31), and cats with HCM and congestive heart failure (HCM + CHF; n = 24).ResultsRight heart size (RAD, RVFWd, and RVIDd) and RV function (FAC and TAPSE) significantly (all P < .05) increased and decreased, respectively, in the HCM + CHF group compared with controls. In the subclinical HCM group, only RVFWd was significantly (P < .05) higher than in controls. Compared with reference intervals derived from controls, 29% of cats with HCM had increased RVFWd. Increased left ventricular free wall thickness, increased RVIDd and decreased TAPSE independently correlated with increased left atrial size. Cats with HCM and pleural effusion were significantly more likely to have increased RVFWd and had increased RAD and decreased TAPSE compared with cats without pleural effusion.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRight ventricular remodeling and dysfunction occur in some cats with HCM and may be associated with clinical severity. Our results support involvement of RV in the pathophysiology of HCM in some cats and support echocardiographic assessment of the RV in cats with HCM.

“…As reported by other authors, a male bias was evident in our population of cats with ATE 4, 6, 7, 8. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also has a male sex predisposition,9, 10, 11, 15, 16 which may explain the male bias in cats with ATE. The pedigree breeds reported here are also over‐represented in reported descriptions of cardiomyopathy in cats 10, 11, 15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data were obtained from cats treated in referral practice and do not necessarily represent the general feline population. Feline ATE is most commonly associated with cardiomyopathy, although cardiac disease is not present in all affected cats 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Thromboembolism in 250 Cats in General Practice: 2004–2012

Borgeat

Wright²,

Garrod³

et al. 2013

124

BackgroundPopulation characteristics and outcome of cats with arterial thromboembolism (ATE) managed in general practice (GP) have been poorly described.HypothesisCats with ATE presenting to GP are usually euthanized at presentation, but survival times >1 year are possible.AnimalsCats with ATE managed by 3 GP clinics in the United Kingdom.MethodsRecords of cases presenting to GP over a 98‐month period (2004–2012) were reviewed. Cats with an antemortem diagnosis of limb ATE were included. Outcome information was obtained.ResultsOver 98 months, 250 cats were identified with ATE. Prevalence was approximately 0.3%. At presentation, 153 cats (61.2%) were euthanized, with 68/97 (70.1%) of the remaining cats (27.2% of the total population) surviving >24 hours after presentation. Of these, 30/68 (44.1%) survived for at least 7 days. Hypothermia (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.002–2.07; P = .049) and management by Clinic 2 (HR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.23–24.8; P = .026) were independent predictors of 24‐hour euthanasia or death. For cats surviving >24 hours, hypothermia (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.12–4.48; P = .021) and failure to receive aspirin, clopidogrel, or both (HR, 8.26; 95% CI, 1.39–50; P = .001) were independent predictors of euthanasia or death within 7 days. For cats that survived ≥7 days, median survival time was 94 (95% CI, 42–164) days, with 6 cats alive 1 year after presentation.ConclusionsAlthough 153/250 cats were euthanized at presentation, 6 cats survived >12 months. No factors were identified that predicted euthanasia on presentation.