Population Coding of Interaural Time Differences in Gerbils and Barn Owls

Lesica, Nicholas A.; Lingner, Andrea; Grothe, Benedikt

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0846-10.2010

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As expected, the test error (predicted acuity) decreased and the training error increased with the number of training samples both saturating at a number of about 5 N ( figure 3.6 A). The test error converges to an acuity of about 17 µs, which is in agreement with the psychophysical acuity of gerbils of about 20 µs [67,68]. This final acuity is reached at roughly K = 9 ITD bins.…”

Section: Population Codessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The behavioral acuity of gerbils at mid line (ϕ = 0) has been estimated as 20 µs [67,68] and thus is worse than the acuity of about 10 µs derived from the bilateral difference model. Such hyper acuity of the estimator is not surprising, as the relative noise decreases with the size of the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As a second way to interpret the population rate pattern a bilateral difference model (or two-channel model) [68,69] was considered, in which the total activity in one brain hemisphere is subtracted from that in the other hemisphere. Again, the focus was put on the frequency band between 800 and 1000 Hz, since there the distribution of best frequencies was pretty much flat and does not induce a sampling bias.…”

Section: Population Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the opposite MSO, responses look like mirror images. This distribution suggests, that the ITD is coded by the difference of both MSO activities, rather than by the activity of only one MSO [69,68]. The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) adopts ITD sensitivity from the MSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory Information Processing

Shi¹

2012

Intelligence Science

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Section: Population Codessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Population Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory Information Processing

Shi¹

2012

Intelligence Science

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“…A number of studies have adopted the use of classifiers to quantify neuronal coding of auditory spatial cues (Middlebrooks et al, 1994;Miller and Recanzone, 2009;Lesica et al, 2010;Day and Delgutte, 2013). To assess how well their cortical responses represent the spatial information available to the animals, we used MDA (see Materials and Methods; Fig.…”

Section: Changes In Neural Ild Coding Following Cochlear Implantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory Training Improves Auditory Spatial Processing following Bilateral Cochlear Implantation

Isaiah

Vongpaisal

King

et al. 2014

Journal of Neuroscience

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Cochlear implants (CIs) partially restore hearing to the deaf by directly stimulating the inner ear. In individuals fitted with CIs, lack of auditory experience due to loss of hearing before language acquisition can adversely impact outcomes. For example, adults with earlyonset hearing loss generally do not integrate inputs from both ears effectively when fitted with bilateral CIs (BiCIs). Here, we used an animal model to investigate the effects of long-term deafness on auditory localization with BiCIs and approaches for promoting the use of binaural spatial cues. Ferrets were deafened either at the age of hearing onset or as adults. All animals were implanted in adulthood, either unilaterally or bilaterally, and were subsequently assessed for their ability to localize sound in the horizontal plane. The unilaterally implanted animals were unable to perform this task, regardless of the duration of deafness. Among animals with BiCIs, early-onset hearing loss was associated with poor auditory localization performance, compared with late-onset hearing loss. However, performance in the early-deafened group with BiCIs improved significantly after multisensory training with interleaved auditory and visual stimuli. We demonstrate a possible neural substrate for this by showing a training-induced improvement in the responsiveness of auditory cortical neurons and in their sensitivity to interaural level differences, the principal localization cue available to BiCI users. Importantly, our behavioral and physiological evidence demonstrates a facilitative role for vision in restoring auditory spatial processing following potential cross-modal reorganization. These findings support investigation of a similar training paradigm in human CI users.

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Astrocyte‐secreted factors modulate the developmental distribution of inhibitory synapses in nucleus laminaris of the avian auditory brainstem

Korn

Koppel

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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Nucleus laminaris (NL) neurons in the avian auditory brainstem are coincidence detectors necessary for the computation of interaural time differences used in sound localization. In addition to their excitatory inputs from nucleus magnocellularis, NL neurons receive inhibitory inputs from the superior olivary nucleus (SON) that greatly improve coincidence detection in mature animals. The mechanisms that establish mature distributions of inhibitory inputs to NL are not known. We used the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) as a marker for inhibitory presynaptic terminals to study the development of inhibitory inputs to NL between embryonic day 9 (E9) and E17. VGAT immunofluorescent puncta were first seen sparsely in NL at E9. The density of VGAT puncta increased with development, first within the ventral NL neuropil region and subsequently throughout both the ventral and dorsal dendritic neuropil, with significantly fewer terminals in the cell body region. A large increase in density occurred between E13–15 and E16–17, at a developmental stage when astrocytes that express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) become mature. We cultured E13 brainstem slices together with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) obtained from E16 brainstems and found that ACM, but not control medium, increased the density of VGAT puncta. This increase was similar to that observed during normal development. Astrocyte-secreted factors interact with the terminal ends of SON axons to increase the number of GABAergic terminals. These data suggest that factors secreted from GFAP-positive astrocytes promote maturation of inhibitory pathways in the auditory brainstem.

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Population Coding of Interaural Time Differences in Gerbils and Barn Owls

Cited by 60 publications

References 36 publications

Auditory Information Processing

Auditory Information Processing

Multisensory Training Improves Auditory Spatial Processing following Bilateral Cochlear Implantation

Astrocyte‐secreted factors modulate the developmental distribution of inhibitory synapses in nucleus laminaris of the avian auditory brainstem

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