Population decline off the Japanese sardine <i>Sardinops melanostictus</i> owing to recruitment failures

Watanabe, Yoshirô; Zenitani, Hiromu; Kimura, Ryo

doi:10.1139/f95-154

Cited by 143 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The duration of the phase that is critical in controlling the growthrelated survival and in establishing the year-class strength has been considered to be about 90 d in Atlantic cod (Campana 1996) and about 1 yr in Japanese sardine Sardinops malanostictus (Watanabe et al 1995). Takasuka et al (2004) suggested that the roles of growth-related survival mechanisms in the recruitment dynamics could differ between pelagic fish species that undergo metamorphosis (with a gradual change in morphological, physiological, and ecological aspects) and those that settle through metamorphosis such as flatfishes.…”

Section: Timing Of Growth-selective Survival and Its Role In Determinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-selective survival in piscivorous larvae of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius: early selection and significance of ichthyoplankton prey supply

Shoji

Tanaka²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Scombrid fishes are considered to have adopted a survival strategy characterized by fast growth and the ability to consume large prey at an early age. Variability in feeding condition can significantly affect larval growth as early as the post first-feeding stage and may control growth-related survival during the early larval stage. Through otolith microstructure analysis, growth-selective survival was demonstrated for post first-feeding larvae of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, which exhibit exclusive piscivory, a high growth rate, and low tolerance to starvation. Larvae and juveniles were repeatedly collected in the Seto Inland Sea in June and July from 1997 to 1999. Growth trajectory back-calculated using otolith microanalysis was compared between the survivors (SV) captured in July and the presumed original population (OP) captured in June. Selection for fast-growing larvae was evident during the 5 d after first feeding (Days 5 to 10). More than 90% of the SV had a mean growth rate during Days 5 to 10 (G 5 -10 ) > 0.8 mm d -1, and those with G 5 -10 < 0.8 mm d -1 rarely survived the period. Intensity of selection differed among 3 years. A less intense selection was observed in 1999 when the larval cohort experienced higher prey concentrations and G 5 -10 . Laboratory experiments demonstrated that 1 to 2 d starvation retarded the larval growth during the following larval period, and supported the conclusion that fluctuation in ichthyoplankton prey abundance alters larval survival probability by affecting the larval growth rate within a short period subsequent to first feeding.

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Section: Timing Of Growth-selective Survival and Its Role In Determinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-selective survival in piscivorous larvae of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius: early selection and significance of ichthyoplankton prey supply

Shoji

Tanaka²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The largest landing of sardine in Japan was 4.49 million tons in 1988; in contrast, the catch in recent years has been <1% of this amount. Watanabe et al (1995) attributed this drastic fluctuation in stock to large recruitment variability, especially with regards to the survival rate from the end of first-feeding larvae to age-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter mixed layer depth and spring bloom along the Kuroshio front: implications for the Japanese sardine stock

Nishikawa

Yasuda²,

Komatsu³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Recruitment of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus is related to interannual variability in the winter mixed layer depth (MLD) near the Kuroshio axis (line of maximum current), possible because MLD may influence the feeding environment of sardine larvae through phytoplankton productivity. However, a relationship between the winter MLD and phytoplankton productivity has not been shown. Particle release experiments with quasi-observed current fields from ocean reanalysis products and satellite-observed phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) density from 1998 to 2006 showed that deeper waters of the winter mixed layer flowing 0° to 0.5° north of the Kuroshio axis led to a greater bloom in the subsequent spring, although such a relationship was not detected south of the Kuroshio axis. By using the output of a 3-dimensional, high-resolution lower trophic level ecosystem model that reproduced the MLD−phytoplankton relationship, we found that entrainment of deeper nutrient-rich subsurface water leads to abundant nutrients in the early spring and enhances the subsequent spring bloom along the northern side of the Kuroshio axis. On the southern side, where mode water develops in winter, the deeper winter mixed layer does not necessarily contain higher nutrient contents, because nutrient vertical profiles often have inversions. These results support the hypothesis that sardine larvae that are distributed in the deeper winter mixed layer north of the Kuroshio axis (called the Kuroshio frontal zone) encounter a higher phytoplankton density, which yields favorable feeding conditions, resulting in recruitment success.

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“…Furthermore, the larval stage is particularly sensitive to complete nutrient deprivation, as survival through metamorphosis determines the year-class strength (Watanabe and Kiron 1994;Watanabe et al 1995). In the current study, we investigated whether compromised nutritional status in white sturgeon larvae, during their early exogenous feeding phase, affects heat shock protein responses to thermal stress, which may subsequently affect larval survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starvation reduces the heat shock protein responses in white sturgeon larvae

et al. 2011

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This study investigates the responses of white sturgeon larvae (Acipenser transmontanus) to starvation and thermal stress, through the measurement of nutritional status (i.e. growth performances) and cellular biomarkers: heat shock proteins (Hsp) 70 and 90. White sturgeon larvae (25 day post hatch; initial weight 179.0±5.1 mg) were fed (20% body weight per day) or starved for 24, 48 or 72 hrs. Every 24 hrs, five larvae from each of the starved or fed treatment replicates were exposed to heat shock resulting from an increase in water temperature from 19°C to 26°C, at a rate of 1°C per 15 min, and maintained at 26°C for 4 hrs. No mortality was observed in this study. Starvation significantly (p<0.05) decreased the body weight and body contents of energy, protein, and lipid of the experimental larvae, compared to the fed larvae. Heat shock induced the expressions of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in both the fed and starved group; however, starvation reduced the induction at all sampling points. The current study demonstrates that poor larval nutritional status, assessed by the aforementioned parameters, reduced heat shock responses to thermal stress, as measured by heat shock protein levels. Furthermore, Hsp70 and 90 are more sensitive to heat shock and starvation, respectively. This may be, in part, a result of the different functioning of the heat shock proteins in cellular stress response and warrants further study.

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Population decline off the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus owing to recruitment failures

Cited by 143 publications

References 8 publications

Growth-selective survival in piscivorous larvae of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius: early selection and significance of ichthyoplankton prey supply

Growth-selective survival in piscivorous larvae of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius: early selection and significance of ichthyoplankton prey supply

Winter mixed layer depth and spring bloom along the Kuroshio front: implications for the Japanese sardine stock

Starvation reduces the heat shock protein responses in white sturgeon larvae

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