Population Densities of Tetranychus spp. (Acari: Tetranychidae) After Treatment with Insecticides for Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Bentley, W. J.; Zalom, Frank G.; Barnett, W. W.; Sanderson, John P.

doi:10.1093/jee/80.1.193

Cited by 23 publications

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“…Our results could explain the observations of Bentley et al (1987) and others who have speculated that spider mite outbreaks that follow the application of pyrethroid insecticides are due to the long-term suppression of predator populations on the trees. The implications of this became especially signiÞcant as the use of organophosphate insecticides decline due to regulatory pressure, and pyrethroid insecticides are proposed as alternatives in orchard systems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, few growers use these pesticides during this period because of concerns about spider mite resurgence. Permethrin applications in almond orchards were shown by Bentley et al (1987) to induce spider mite outbreaks later in the season in which it was applied and also in the following season. The mechanism leading to the observed outbreaks was not determined, but interference with natural biological control by the western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis Nesbitt, was strongly suspected.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Permethrin (Cis- andTrans-Isomers) and Esfenvalerate on Almond Twigs and Effects of Residues on the Predator MiteGalendromus occidentalis(Acari: Phytoseiidae)

et al. 2001

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Permethrin (Cis- andTrans-Isomers) and Esfenvalerate on Almond Twigs and Effects of Residues on the Predator MiteGalendromus occidentalis(Acari: Phytoseiidae)

et al. 2001

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“…In almond, NOW is controlled by thorough postharvest orchard sanitation (Zalom et al 1984) along with applications of organophospate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides. Given the regulations regarding applications of OPs and secondary pest problem caused by pyrethroids (Bentley et al 1987), …”

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confidence: 99%

Sexual behavior of the navel OrangeWorm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Parra-Pedrazzoli¹,

Leal²

2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 35(6): 769-774 (2006) Comportamento Sexual de Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) RESUMO -Com o objetivo de se estudar o comportamento sexual de Amyelois transitella (Walker), desenvolveu-se uma metodologia de criação da mariposa em condições de laboratório, utilizando-se como substrato alimentar pistaches secos e torrados. A criação foi desenvolvida a partir de lagartas coletadas em Bakersfi eld, Califórnia. A atividade de acasalamento foi observada principalmente durante a última hora da escotofase e os primeiros 30 min. da fotofase, em laboratório mantido a 25 o C. O comportamento de chamamento das fêmeas foi caracterizado pela projeção do abdome entre as asas, com os segmentos distais mantidos perpendicularmente ao corpo, pela exposição da glândula produtora de feromônio e pela contínua antenação. Os machos aproximaram-se das fêmeas "chamando" a uma curta distância, batendo fortemente as asas e movimentando as antenas. Após o macho tocar o abdome da fêmea com a antena, esta o aceita abaixando a ponta do abdome, ou não o aceita caminhando em direção oposta a ele. O macho que foi aceito pela fêmea aproxima-se, permanecendo paralelamente ao corpo dela e, nesta posição, introduz o edeago na porção fi nal do abdome e rotaciona o corpo 180 o , permanecendo em sentido linear e oposto à fêmea por mais de 3h em média. Os machos emergem antes das fêmeas, provavelmente como estratégia para aumentar as chances de acasalamento. Cerca de 80% dos acasalamentos ocorreram nos dois primeiros dias de vida. As fêmeas acasalaram uma única vez, entretanto, 55% dos machos acasalaram somente uma vez, 40% duas vezes e 5% três vezes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comportamento de cópula, comportamento de corte, protandria, técnica de criação ABSTRACT -To get a better understanding of the mating behavior of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), we developed a robust laboratory colony derived from larvae collected in Bakersfi eld, California and fed on dried, roasted pistachio. In the lab at 25 o C, most of the mating activity was observed during the last hour of the scotophase and for the fi rst 30 min of the photophase. Female calling was characterized by the abdomen being protruded between the wings with the distal segments perpendicular to the body and exposing a pheromone gland, as well as by continuous antennation. Males approached calling females from a short distance by displaying wing fanning and antennation. When a male antennated on a calling female's abdomen, she either accepted the male and lowered the abdomen, or walked away. The accepted male made a fi nal approach parallel to the female's body, but after coupling he rotated 180 o with male and female remaining in a linear, abdomen-to-abdomen position for over 3 h in average. In a possible strategy to maximize the chances of mating, the sex ratio was signifi cantly skewed towards males in the fi rst two days of emergence. Almost 80% of mating took place in the fi rst two days after adult emergence, with females mating only on...

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“…While promising as an alternative control approach, orchard pyrethroid use has been associated with other problems including pest resistance and suppression of predatory mites (Bentley et al 1987, Zalom et al 1999, 2001a. In this study, the plots treated with esfenvalerate had significantly lower densities of both Aphytis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effects of dormant insecticide treatments on the San Jose scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and its parasitoids Encarsia perniciosi and Aphytis spp . ( Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae )

Badenes‐Pérez¹,

Zalom²,

Bentley³

2002

International Journal of Pest Management

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Populations of the San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), and its parasitoids, Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) and Aphytis spp. were monitored with double-sided sticky tape and pheromone traps in an almond orchard. A total of 1.21 ha plots within the orchard were treated during winter dormancy with several insecticides, including horticultural mineral oil alone, oil combined with the organophosphate diazinon at different dilution rates, and oil combined with the pyrethroid esfenvalerate in a completely randomized block design. Higher volume diazinon applications (3750 and 1870 l ha 71 ) proved effective against SJS crawlers, as did esfenvalerate. The higher volume applications had greater deposition on Kromecoat 1 cards placed in the top of the tree canopy, where SJS is most abundant. The lower-volume (935 l ha 71 ) application of diazinon provided control of first-generation crawlers similar to the other diazinon applications, but it was generally less effective in controlling subsequent generations. All insecticide treatments were associated with a reduction of parasitoid numbers, especially the esfenvalerate application.

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Population Densities of Tetranychus spp. (Acari: Tetranychidae) After Treatment with Insecticides for Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Permethrin (Cis- andTrans-Isomers) and Esfenvalerate on Almond Twigs and Effects of Residues on the Predator MiteGalendromus occidentalis(Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Analysis of Permethrin (Cis- andTrans-Isomers) and Esfenvalerate on Almond Twigs and Effects of Residues on the Predator MiteGalendromus occidentalis(Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Sexual behavior of the navel OrangeWorm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Effects of dormant insecticide treatments on the San Jose scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and its parasitoids Encarsia perniciosi and Aphytis spp . ( Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae )

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