Population Differentiation of 2 Forms of Bryde’s Whales in the Indian and Pacific Oceans

Kershaw, Francine; Leslie, Matthew S.; Collins, Tim; Mansur, Rubaiyat M.; Smith, Brian D.; Minton, Gianna; Baldwin, R.M.; LeDuc, Richard G.; Anderson, Robert C.; Brownell, Robert L.; Rosenbaum, Howard C.

doi:10.1093/jhered/est057

Cited by 45 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although each of the taxa was well suppor ted, relationships among them were not, and applying a strict consensus model to the control-region phylogeny, collapsing nodes with posterior probability values < 0.95, resulted in a polytomy for the Bryde's whale complex. Finally, the CAs analysis using the 9 diagnostic nucleotide positions identified by Kershaw et al (2013) was unable to assign the GOMx Bryde's whales to either B. e. edeni or B. e. brydei. However, performing the CAs analysis on our 305 bp alignment identified multiple diagnostic nucleotide positions (Table 3) for each of the 4 taxa: B. e. edeni (n = 2), B. e. brydei (n = 4), B. omurai (n = 13), and GOMx Bryde's whales (n = 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The primary alignment used for all analyses was 375 bp long and contained 39 haplotypes (representing 90 individuals). A shorter alignment of 305 bp containing 86 haplotypes (representing 510 individuals) differed from the 375 bp alignment in that it included 43 additional B. e. brydei haplotypes from Kanda et al (2007) and 4 B. e. brydei haplotypes from Kershaw et al (2013). This shorter alignment was used only for phylogenetic analysis to expand geographic sampling coverage of B. e. brydei and examine taxonomic affinities of the sequences of Kanda et al (2007) and Kershaw et al (2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placement of these morphologically classified specimens was used to identify the clades corresponding to each of the 3 taxonomic groups. Finally, following Kershaw et al (2013), we applied characteristic attributes (CAs) diagnosis (Davis & N ixon 1992, Sarkar et al 2002, Lowenstein et al 2009) to controlregion sequences of B. e. edeni, B. e. brydei, B. omurai, and the haplotypes from the GOMx whales. We first used the 9 diagnostic sites identified by Kershaw et al (2013) to try to classify the GOMx Bryde's whales to the recognized subspecies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control-region haplotype and nucleotide diversities for the GOMx whales were therefore very low. Diversity estimates for other members of the genus Balaenoptera are substantially higher (Table 4), except perhaps for B. e. brydei from inshore waters of South Africa (Penry 2010) and B. e. edeni from the northern Indian Ocean (Kershaw et al 2013).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Gomx Bryde's Whalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic evidence reveals a unique lineage of Bryde’s whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Rosel¹,

Wilcox²

2014

Endang. Species. Res.

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Bryde's whales Balaenoptera edeni are the only year-round resident baleen whale species in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOMx). The current population abundance estimate is 33 (CV 1.07) and the population is severely restricted in range. We characterized genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these whales to other members of the Bryde's whale complex. We analyzed DNA sequence data from 3 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 9 nuclear genes, and examined 42 nuclear microsatellite loci for 21 Bryde's whale samples collected in the GOMx and 2 from the western North Atlantic. mtDNA diversity was extremely low; only 2 haplotypes were found in the first 375 bp of the control region and no variability in cytb or cox1 genes was seen. Twenty-five microsatellite loci were monomorphic, 16 had 2 or 3 alleles, and 1 had 4 alleles. Most nuclear genes exhibited shared alleles across balaenopterid species. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the control region and all published Bryde's whale sequences revealed that GOMx Bryde's whale haplotypes are evolutionarily distinct from other members of the Bryde's whale complex examined to date. Within the first 375 bp of the control region, we found 25−26 fixed differences between GOMx haplotypes and those from sei whales and the 2 recognized Bryde's whale subspecies. The GOMx whales are as divergent as these subspecies and species are from each other. The level of divergence suggests a unique evolutionary trajectory worthy of its own taxonomic standing. The small population size and markedly low genetic diversity raise conservation concern for this unique group of whales. KEY WORDS: Bryde's whale complex · Balaenoptera edeni · Mitochondrial DNA · Control region · CetaceanResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Diversity Of Gomx Bryde's Whalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic evidence reveals a unique lineage of Bryde’s whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Rosel¹,

Wilcox²

2014

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…Some authors (e.g., Wada et al 2003) recognize two species, the smaller one B. edeni Anderson, 1879 (Eden's whale) and a larger one B. brydei Olsen, 1913 (Bryde's whale), while others (e.g., Kershaw et al 2013) assign these species a sub-specific status: B. edeni edeni and B. edeni brydei, respectively. The smaller one inhabits primarily coastal and continental shelf waters of the Northern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean while the larger one inhabits tropical and warm temperature waters worldwide (Rice 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetic structure of the South American Bryde's whale

Pastene¹,

Acevedo

Siciliano

et al. 2015

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Resumen.-Un análisis genético basado en secuencias de la región control del ADN mitocondrial fue realizado para investigar tanto la identidad de la especie como la estructura genética poblacional de la ballenas de Bryde Sudamericanas. El análisis genético se basó en muestras históricas, biopsias y varamientos de Chile (n= 10) y Brasil (n= 8). Para fines de comparación, secuencias publicadas de ballenas de Bryde de diferentes localidades de los océanos Índico y Pacífico (incluyendo Perú, n= 24) fueron incorporadas en los análisis. El análisis filogenético identificó las ballenas de Bryde de América del Sur como Balaenoptera brydei. Ninguna diferenciación genética estadísticamente significativa fue encontrada entre ballenas de Bryde de Chile y Perú. Sin embargo, fuertes diferencias genéticas se encontraron entre animales del Atlántico Sur occidental (Brasil) y Pacífico Sur oriental (Perú y Chile). También fuertes diferencias genéticas fueron encontradas entre todas las localidades de América del Sur y aquellos del Pacífico Norte occidental, Fiji y Java. Estos resultados sugieren movimiento de B. brydei en el Pacifico Sur oriental en el rango latitudinal correspondientes a Chile y Perú. Estos resultados también sugieren ningún o muy limitado movimiento de ballenas entre los océanos del Pacífico Sur y Atlántico Sur. Esto es consistente con la idea de que B. brydei no se distribuye más al sur de los 40ºS en ambos lados de América del Sur. Palabras clave: Balaenoptera brydei, ADN mitocondrial, Pacífico Sur oriental, Atlántico Sur occidentalAbstract.-A genetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences was conducted to investigate both species identity and populations genetic structure of South American Bryde's whales. The genetic analysis was based on historical, biopsy and stranding samples from Chile (n= 10) and Brazil (n= 8). For comparative purposes published sequences of the Bryde's whales from different localities of the Indian and Pacific Oceans (including Peru, n= 24) were incorporated into the analysis. Results of the phylogenetic analysis identified the Bryde's whales of South America as Balaenoptera brydei. No statistically significant genetic differentiation was found between Chilean and Peruvian Bryde's whales. However, striking differences were found between western South Atlantic (Brazil) and eastern South Pacific (Peru and Chile) animals. In addition, striking genetic differences were found between all South American localities and those from the western North Pacific, Fiji and Java. These results suggest movement of B. brydei in the eastern South Pacific in the latitudinal range corresponding to Chile and Peru. These results also suggest no or very limited mov ement of whales between the South Pacific and the South Atlantic Oceans. This is consistent with the notion that B. brydei is not distributed further south of approximately 40ºS on both sides of South America.

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Geospatial genetics: Integrating genetics into marine protection and spatial planning

Kershaw

McClintock

Andrews

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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The protection of evolutionary processes and maintenance of genetic diversity is necessary for the persistence of biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. The importance of genetic diversity has been reflected in a range of marine policy mechanisms, and the genetic ‘toolbox’ has great potential to support marine protection and marine spatial planning (MSP) at multiple scales. Despite scientific advances in the application of genetics in marine protection and management, systematic integration of genetic information has been generally lacking, primarily due to a knowledge and communication disconnect between geneticists and the marine policy and management community. To meet these outstanding needs, a ‘geospatial genetics’ approach to spatially map species‐specific genetic data and associated information in a way that can be readily integrated by practitioners into marine protection and MSP decisions was developed. Techniques to derive geospatial genetic data layers, which can be viewed and mapped alongside other kinds of spatial data commonly used by conservation practitioners, hold promise for increasing the accessibility of genetic data to support policy decisions more fully. While applicable to many mobile and sessile taxa, an initial focus was placed on marine mammals, and the approach was developed and refined through a series of international meetings and published papers, as well as the development of interactive, expert‐reviewed case studies hosted on the MSP tool SeaSketch. Outcomes of the work to date are currently serving in the policy arena by informing the identification of Important Marine Mammal Areas, an initiative led by the IUCN Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force to apply criteria to identify marine mammal habitats across the world's ocean, seas and relevant inland waters through a standardized process. It has become clear that geospatial genetics has great potential to foster increased collaboration among an intersectional community of geneticists, spatial ecologists, and practitioners. This increased opportunity for dialogue and cooperation will help ensure that evolutionary processes are factored into marine protection and MSP processes, and potentially for freshwater and terrestrial systems.

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Population Differentiation of 2 Forms of Bryde’s Whales in the Indian and Pacific Oceans

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic evidence reveals a unique lineage of Bryde’s whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Genetic evidence reveals a unique lineage of Bryde’s whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Population genetic structure of the South American Bryde's whale

Geospatial genetics: Integrating genetics into marine protection and spatial planning

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