Population Doses From Environmental Gamma Radiation in Iraq

Abstract

The exposure rates due to external gamma radiation were measured in 11 Iraqi governerates. Measurements were performed with an Environmental Monitoring System (RSS-111) in open air 1 m above the ground. The average absorbed dose rate in each governerate was as follows (number x 10(-2) microGy h-1): Babylon (6.0), Kerbala (5.3), Al-Najaf (5.4), Al-Kadysia (6.5), Wasit (6.5), Diala (6.5), Al-Anbar (6.5), Al-Muthana (6.6), Maisan (6.8), Thee-Kar (6.6), and Al-Basrah (6.5). The collective doses to the population living in these governerates were 499, 187, 239, 269, 262, 458, 384, 153, 250, 450, and 419 person-Sv, respectively.

تقييم النشاط الإشعاعي لأشعة جاما في موقع التويثة والمناطق المحيطة بها

“…Furthermore,the radiological survey was conducted using hand-held radiation monitors ; Ludlum in the regions in Tuwaitha site, and FAG in the regions surrounding Tuwaitha site ( Riyadh, Jisr Diyala ,AL-Waradiabecause many of orphan sources has been found in these regions after 2004 ) to measure dose rates for gamma radiation outdoor, also determined coordinates of measurement points using the GPS coordinates , the results are shown in Tables (3,4). The results of average values of dose rate in the study regions for gamma radiation outdoor by using the handheld radiation survey instruments during period of the study were falls within the natural background levels, As has been observed in a number of national and international research that have been published about the radiation exposure resulting from gamma radiation [1,10] . Since there was no increase in radioactivity readings for areas that have been measured by using portable radiation detectors (Ludlum , FAG) and The concentration of radioactive elements in the soil is of an important place in any country to establish a base of background information on the levels of natural background level and environmental map of the area, therefore we selected 2 soil samples from Ishtar & AL-Ta'mim villages, and 2 soil samples from regions in & surrounding Tuwaitha site, the results are shown in Table (5).…”

Investigation of Natural Occurring Radioactive Material Activity Level in Falluja-Anbar (Iraq)

“…This system contains two NaI detectors with a size of (793 x 216 x 177 mm), this system capable of separating different energies and identifying the radioactive isotope [9,10]. Figure 1 shows the layout of the measurement system.…”

A Comparison Study of Soil Samples from Sinai Province in Egypt by Using X-Ray Diffraction and Gamma-Ray Analysis

“…In general, all the existed results were higher than the given values by UNSCEAR 2000 as: (35 Bq/Kg for 226 Ra), (30 Bq/kg for 232 Th) and (400 Bq/kg for 40 K, except samples 3, 5, and 6 of 232 Th and samples 2, 3, 5, and 6 of 40 K. The Ra-226 activity concentrations of the samples are higher than those of Th-232 and K-40. The high concentrations results of 238 U in these areas of Sinai are due to the presence of phosphate and granite rocks with highly enriched with this radioactive nuclide and the weathering effects[15].…”