Population dynamics and genetic changes of Picea abies in the South Carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient DNA analyses

This study explores changes in cladoceran composition in a high mountain lake of the Retezat (Lake Brazi), the South Carpathian Mountains of Romania, during the Late Glacial-Early Holocene (14,500-11,600 cal. yr. BP) transition using a paleolimnological approach. The lake had a species poor cladoceran community throughout this period. Daphnia longispina, Chydorus sphaericus and Alona affinis were the most common, showing marked fluctuations in their relative abundances through time. Distinct faunal response to warming at the Younger Dryas (YD)/Preboreal transition was recorded by increasing fossil densities and distinct community composition change: Alona affinis became dominant while numbers of Chydorus sphaericus dramatically decreased. In the Early Holocene, the productivity of Lake Brazi seem to have increased as reflected by higher numbers of Cladocera due to appearance of new species (Alona rectangula, A. quadrangularis and A. guttata) which are common in productive waters. Significant negative correlation was found between average dorsal length of daphnid ephippia and the NGRIP d18 O isotope values. Given the absence of fish predation, changes in Daphnia ephippia size were taken to indicate climatic change: larger ephippium size inferred cold conditions during the Late Glacial, while smaller size reflected climate warming during the Early Holocene. We conclude that Cladocera fossils are good indicators of climatic change that happened during the transition from the Late Glacial to the Holocene. We found that climatic conditions can be tracked either by size distribution of Daphnia ephippia (larger ephippium size under colder climate) and/or by community change of cladocerans.

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“…This finding was also corroborated by the chironomid-based summer temperature reconstruction ( Fig. 3; Magyari et al, 2011;Tóth et al, 2011).…”

Section: Lake Paleoenvironment and Cladocera Remainssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…1 cm 3 samples taken at 1-cm interval were processed using routine laboratory preparation methods. Further details are provided in Magyari et al (2009Magyari et al ( , 2011 and Buczkó et al (2009b). Green algae were counted on the pollen slides.…”

Section: Field and Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cladocera response to Late Glacial to Early Holocene climate change in a South Carpathian mountain lake

et al. 2011

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“…The study of fossil pollen has various applications in paleoecology, archaeology, as well as anthropology, including the reconstruction of ancient plant communities (Jørgensen et al 2012a;Pedersen et al 2013), the study of population dynamics in single plant species (Parducci et al 2005;Magyari et al 2011), and the investigation of biodiversity with the aim of endemic species conservation (Wilmshurst et al 2014) inter alia. Mathewes (2006) also showed how the study of ancient pollen plays an important role in forensics (see Forensic palynology section, below).…”

Section: Ancient Pollen Dna Barcodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen DNA barcoding: current applications and future prospects

Bell

Vere

Keller

et al. 2016

Genome

205

170

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Identification of the species origin of pollen has many applications, including assessment of plant-pollinator networks, reconstruction of ancient plant communities, product authentication, allergen monitoring, and forensics. Such applications, however, have previously been limited by microscopy-based identification of pollen, which is slow, has low taxonomic resolution, and has few expert practitioners. One alternative is pollen DNA barcoding, which could overcome these issues. Recent studies demonstrate that both chloroplast and nuclear barcoding markers can be amplified from pollen. These recent validations of pollen metabarcoding indicate that now is the time for researchers in various fields to consider applying these methods to their research programs. In this paper, we review the nascent field of pollen DNA barcoding and discuss potential new applications of this technology, highlighting existing limitations and future research developments that will improve its utility in a wide range of applications.Key words: DNA metabarcoding, metagenomics, pollen, palynology, high-throughput sequencing, next-generation sequencing.Résumé : L'identification de l'espèce à l'origine d'un pollen se prête à de nombreuses applications dont la description des réseaux plante-pollinisateur, la reconstruction de communautés de plantes anciennes, l'authentification de produits, la surveillance des allergènes et les enquêtes médicolégales. Cependant, ces applications ont précédemment été limitées à l'identification du pollen par examen microscopique, un processus lent, à faible résolution taxonomique et qui compte peu de praticiens experts. Une alternative est l'identification du pollen par le recours aux codes à barres de l'ADN, une avenue qui permettrait de surmonter plusieurs de ces limitations. De récentes études ont montré qu'il était possible d'amplifier les marqueurs de codage tant chloroplastiques que nucléaires à partir du pollen. Ces récentes validations du métacodage à barres chez le pollen indiquent qu'il est maintenant opportun pour les chercheurs dans divers domaines de considérer l'emploi de ces méthodes dans leurs programmes de recherche. Dans cet article, les auteurs passent en revue le domaine naissant du codage à barres du pollen et discutent des nouvelles applications potentielles de cette technologie en mettant en lumière les limitations existantes ainsi que de futurs développements qui pourraient accroître son utilité dans un grand nombre d'applications. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : métacodage à barres, métagénomique, pollen, palynologie, séquençage à haut débit, séquençage de nouvelle génération.

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“…Timedependent processes may be sufficiently large to override other effects, many of which can be assessed directly from paleoecological and paleoenvironmental studies. For example, ancient DNA may provide information on local genetic changes (123,124).…”

Section: Dynamics Of Regional Species Poolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community ecology in a changing environment: Perspectives from the Quaternary

Jackson

Blois

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

125

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Community ecology and paleoecology are both concerned with the composition and structure of biotic assemblages but are largely disconnected. Community ecology focuses on existing species assemblages and recently has begun to integrate history (phylogeny and continental or intercontinental dispersal) to constrain community processes. This division has left a "missing middle": Ecological and environmental processes occurring on timescales from decades to millennia are not yet fully incorporated into community ecology. Quaternary paleoecology has a wealth of data documenting ecological dynamics at these timescales, and both fields can benefit from greater interaction and articulation. We discuss ecological insights revealed by Quaternary terrestrial records, suggest foundations for bridging between the disciplines, and identify topics where the disciplines can engage to mutual benefit. community ecology | Quaternary paleoecology | climate change Community ecology and Quaternary paleoecology are both concerned with the composition and structure of biotic assemblages, including patterns of spatial variation and dynamics in changing environments. Community ecology focuses on the here and now of existing species assemblages, emphasizing mechanistic understanding of local species interactions and their consequences. Quaternary paleoecology uses geohistorical evidence (1) to infer properties of past communities and how they have changed, at local to regional scales, during the past few thousand to the past 2.6 million years. Both fields are under increasing demand to inform scientists, resource managers, and policymakers of what might be in store for biodiversity and ecosystems services under ongoing and future global change (2-5). Despite their shared concerns, however, community ecology and Quaternary paleoecology are fundamentally disconnected, with relatively little engagement.

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Population dynamics and genetic changes of Picea abies in the South Carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient DNA analyses

Cited by 44 publications

References 63 publications

Cladocera response to Late Glacial to Early Holocene climate change in a South Carpathian mountain lake

Cladocera response to Late Glacial to Early Holocene climate change in a South Carpathian mountain lake

Pollen DNA barcoding: current applications and future prospects

Community ecology in a changing environment: Perspectives from the Quaternary

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