Population dynamics and geographical distribution of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in Japan

Inoue, Maki; Suzuki‐Ohno, Yukari; Haga, Yuri; Aarai, Hiroshi; Sano, Tomoya; Martemyanov, V. V.; Kunimi, Yasuhisa

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2018.12.022

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) are ranked as the world's worst invasive alien species due to their euryphagous habit of feeding on 100-300 species of plants, including larches [47]. Outbreaks of gypsy moths occur approximately every 11 years in Hokkaido [34,42]. The Asian gypsy moth, L. dispar japonica, is endemic in Japan, and three related species have been reported in Hokkaido [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 50 million tourists (10 times higher than its resident population) visit Hokkaido each year, and the number of people visiting Hokkaido has been gradually increasing. Hokkaido has a long history of periodic insect outbreaks dating back 150 years; records include a locust ( Locusta migratoria ) plague, a tussock moth larvae plague [ 35 ], and gypsy moth outbreaks [ 34 ]. In the 1990s, oak silkmoths were added to the list of insects causing outbreaks in Hokkaido [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the viewpoint of prevention, the long-term population dynamics associated with environmental factors among forest defoliators, such as Lymantria , have been a major issue in forest ecology [ 27 , 34 , 54 ]. Given that outbreaks occur locally in Hokkaido due to the complex landscape [ 34 ], populations and meteorological parameters affecting adult emergence should be determined locally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of flying insects on expressways through an academic-industrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of light wavelengths and meteorological factors on insect attraction

Komatsu

Kurihara²,

Saito

et al. 2020

Zoological Lett

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Insect outbreaks often occur in the absence of natural enemies and in the presence of excess suitable host materials. Outbreaks of gypsy moths are especially problematic in remote areas located in high-latitude regions in Japan because the majority of adults emerge during the short summer season and initiate synchronous mass flight toward artificial lights. The aggregation of moths in public facilities not only is an annoyance to visitors but also permits the establishment of new populations the following year. The aim of this study was to establish a method to reduce the numbers of large moths that are attracted to lights in the rest areas of expressways in Hokkaido based on the results of research on their behavioral ecology and physiology. First, we conducted extensive insect surveys using light traps that emit light at different wavelengths; the traps were set along the expressways in the summers of 2014–2018. The insects attracted to the light were roughly classified into those showing a preference for broadband light wavelengths (from UV-A to green) and short light wavelengths (from UV-A to blue). The former included aquatic insects and winged ants, and the latter included moths and beetles. Next, we analyzed correlations between moth emergence and daily meteorological data. When gypsy moths were abundant during an outbreak, the daily catch of gypsy moths was positively correlated with the highest ambient temperature on the catch day but not with the visibility range, wind speed, or moon phase. In contrast, the daily catch of oak silkmoths did not correlate with any of these parameters. Our results provide guidance for the management of forest insects inhabiting cool-temperate to subarctic regions based on light wavelengths with reference to weather variables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of flying insects on expressways through an academic-industrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of light wavelengths and meteorological factors on insect attraction

Komatsu

Kurihara²,

Saito

et al. 2020

Zoological Lett

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“…Our results agree with those of Arimoto & Iwaizumi (), who concluded that L. albescens and L. postalba could not be distinguished from one another on the basis of mt COI and COII markers. Conversely, in another recent study focusing on Japanese gypsy moths, where a third mt marker (ND1) was used for phylogenetic analysis in addition to COI and COII, L. albescens was fully resolved from L. postalba , with the latter being placed basal to the former (Inoue et al ., ). However, a careful re‐examination of the sequence data used to construct this tree revealed a data‐handling error whereby the COI and COII sequences attributed to the L. albescens specimens were in fact from L. dispar (M. Inoue & V. Martemyanov, unpublished data), effectively producing an arborescence where L. albescens was incorrectly placed between L. postalba and the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade (Inoue et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

Djoumad

Nisole

Stewart

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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For regulatory purposes, the name ‘Asian gypsy moth’ refers to a group of closely related Asian Lymantria species and subspecies whose female moths display flight capability, a trait believed to confer enhanced invasiveness relative to the European gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar dispar, whose females are flightless. Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba are Asian gypsy moths occurring in the southern Ryukyu Islands and in the northern Ryukyu and adjacent Kyushu and Shikoku Islands of Japan, respectively. Although once considered subspecies of L. dispar, their status as distinct species, relative to the latter, is now well established. While postalba was subsequently considered a subspecies of L. albescens, largely on the basis of differences in forewing ground colour in males, both taxa were later given distinct species status by Pogue & Schaefer (2007) following their revision of the genus Lymantria. Here, we re‐examined the validity of this revised status through the sequencing of a large portion of the mitochondrial genome (c. 60%) and multiple nuclear marker genes [elongation factor 1‐alpha (Ef‐1α), wingless (Wgl), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS‐2), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5)] in representative specimens of both taxa and other Lymantria species, including L. monacha, L. xylina, L. mathura and members of the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade. A comparison of the number of substitutions in these genomic regions among the taxa we considered showed lower or equivalent variation between L. albescens and L. postalba compared with subspecies of L. dispar, for mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, respectively. This finding was reflected in the maximum likelihood trees generated independently for mitochondrial and nuclear data, where L. albescens and L. postalba formed, in both analyses, a short‐branch sister clade basal to the L. dispar + L. umbrosa clade. We further sequenced three markers [cytochrome c oxydase 1 (COI), EF‐1α, Wgl] in multiple L. albescens–L. postalba specimens collected along a south‐to‐north transect across the Ryukyu Arc and observed no clear distinction among the sampled specimens as a function of taxonomic designation. We conclude that L. albescens and L. postalba form a single species, with postalba representing a darker‐winged morph along an apparent south‐to‐north wing colour cline. Accordingly, L. postalba is relegated to synonymy under L. albescens (syn.n.).

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“…There has been extensive collection of mtDNA data from L . dispar populations [21, 22, 23, 24, 25]. This allows us to compare our dataset with the genetic variation in mtDNA data of European population where there are no reports of outbreaks movement phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence of broad spreading of Lymantria dispar in the West Siberian Plain

et al. 2019

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Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. 1758 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is one of the most dangerous forest pests of the Holarctic region. Outbreaks of gypsy moth populations lead to significant defoliation of local forests. Within the vast territory of the West Siberian Plain, we noted the outbreak front movement in the north-east direction with a speed 100–200 km per year. The reason for the outbreak’s movement is still unclear because L . dispar females are characterised by limited flight ability, which is not enough to support that movement per se . Herein, we analysed the mtDNA divergence pattern among L . dispar populations collected from the vast territory of the West Siberian Plain to determine the boundaries of populations and reveal the effect of the outbreak’s front movement on mtDNA patterns of populations. The 590-bp region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of the mitochondrial genome was sequenced for 220 specimens that were collected from 18 localities along a transect line (~ 1400 km). Our results clearly show that the gypsy moth populations of the vast Siberian territory are not subdivided. This result can be explained by extensive genetic exchange among local populations. Taking into account that the flight ability of L . dispar females is rather limited, we suggest that spreading occurs through ballooning of early instar larvae. This hypothesis was confirmed by the coincidence of the outbreaks’ movement direction with that of the dominant winds, complemented by the observation of ballooned larvae far from a forest edge.

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Population dynamics and geographical distribution of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in Japan

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

Management of flying insects on expressways through an academic-industrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of light wavelengths and meteorological factors on insect attraction

Management of flying insects on expressways through an academic-industrial collaboration: evaluation of the effect of light wavelengths and meteorological factors on insect attraction

Reassessment of the status of Lymantria albescens and Lymantria postalba (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae) as distinct ‘Asian gypsy moth’ species, using both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

Genetic evidence of broad spreading of Lymantria dispar in the West Siberian Plain

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