Population dynamics of cryptogenic calcarean sponges (<scp>P</scp>orifera, <scp>C</scp>alcarea) in <scp>S</scp>outheastern <scp>B</scp>razil

Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.; Skinner, Luís Felipe; Klautau, Michelle

doi:10.1111/maec.12013

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compared to calcareous sponges, demosponges usually have a longer life span that can range from months (Ereskovsky, ) to years (Turon et al., ), decades (Mercado‐Molina et al., ), or even hundreds to thousands of years (McMurray et al., ). The interindividual variation in size could not be correlated with the age of individuals in our study and in the demosponge Crambe crambe (Turon et al., ) and the calcareous sponge P. magna (Cavalcanti et al., ). General life‐history theories predict that small species are expected to have shorter life spans and faster growth rates than larger species (Hernaman and Munday, ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Moreover, higher survival rates may compensate for sporadic or low recruitment rates in sessile marine invertebrates (Silvertown et al., ; Linares et al., ; Mercado‐Molina et al., ). In calcareous sponges, the general condition seems to be a short life span associated with high recruitment rates (Orton, , ; Johnson, ; Gaino et al., ; ; Cavalcanti et al., ; Padua et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation, Fusion, and Genetic Homogeneity in a Calcareous Sponge (Porifera, Calcarea)

et al. 2016

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Sessile marine invertebrates living on hard substrata usually present strategies such as size variations, longer life spans, fragmentation and fusion to occupy and compete for space. Calcareous sponges are usually small and short-lived, and some species are known to undergo frequent fragmentation and fusion events. However, whether fusion occurs only between genetically identical individuals remains unclear. We investigated the occurrence of chimaeras in the calcareous sponge Clathrina aurea by following the dynamics of fragmentation and fusion of 66 individuals in the field for up to 18 months and determined size variations and the life span of each individual. Microsatellites were used to determine whether fusion events occur among genetically different individuals. Growth and shrinkage of individuals were frequently observed, showing that size cannot be associated with age in C. aurea. The life span of the species ranged from 1 to 16 months (mean: 4.7 months). Short life spans and variable growth rates have been observed in other species of the class Calcarea. Fragmentation and fusion events were observed, but fusion events always occurred between genetically identical individuals, as has been suggested by graft experiments in adult Demospongiae and other Calcarea. These results suggest that at least C. aurea adults may have some mechanism to avoid chimaerism.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation, Fusion, and Genetic Homogeneity in a Calcareous Sponge (Porifera, Calcarea)

et al. 2016

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“…Fast growth (Cavalcanti et al . ), a young reproductive age (Lanna et al . ), high recruitment rates (Padua et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along this coast, the populations of P. magna do not appear to cause any problems to the environment or to the economy (Cavalcanti et al . ; Padua et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects on the reproduction and fecundity of the introduced calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2014

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The calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna (Porifera, Calcarea) has been the subject of several studies in the last decade. It was first described along the Brazilian coast, where it is considered cryptogenic, and was subsequently found in the Mediterranean, where it is considered invasive. The wide artificial distribution of this species allows us to compare different aspects of the biology of an introduced species in different locations. Here, we analysed the effects of selected environmental parameters on the reproductive dynamics of P. magna in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) over 18 months and compared our results with those obtained for the same species in the Mediterranean Sea. Specimens were collected monthly and analysed through histological methods. The density of reproductive elements in each month was calculated, and the effects of environmental parameters (photoperiod, precipitation, temperature, phytoplankton and bacterioplankton) were analysed using a regression tree analysis. Paraleucilla magna was reproductive throughout the study period. The densities of the reproductive elements (oocytes, embryos and larvae) showed no seasonality, and this species presented one of the highest reproductive efforts documented to date in the phylum Porifera (99.0 oocytes · mm−3; 89.0 embryos · mm−3; 319.0 larvae · mm−3). The main environmental parameters related to the reproduction of P. magna were temperature, photoperiod and bacterioplankton. Temperature was the main driver associated with the densities of oocytes and embryos, while bacterioplankton was the main driver of larvae (positive relationships). In Rio de Janeiro, larvae were present and continuously released. This strategy is different from that observed in the Mediterranean, where a larger larval output was observed but only during the summer months. Our results show that P. magna is a species with a strong invasive potential, considering its high and continuous reproductive effort. This high fecundity stimulated by high temperatures may be a key factor contributing to the growth of P. magna populations and its invasion of new areas.

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“…Currently, Paraleucilla is composed of 12 accepted species, occurring mainly in circumtropical waters (Cavalcanti et al 2014;Klautau et al 2016). With the exception of Paraleucilla magna KLAUTAU, MON- TEIRO, & BOROJEVIC 2004(e.g., Longo et al 2012Cavalcanti et al 2013a;Padua et al 2013a,b;Lanna et al 2015), most studies dealing with Paraleucilla species are about classical taxonomy, containing descriptions of new species based on the characterization of skeletal organization, and the size and shape of the spicule categories, from a single or a limited set of individuals (Lanna et al 2009;Cavalcanti et al 2014). Therefore, little is known about any aspect of the biology of the representatives of this genus and family as a whole.…”

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confidence: 99%

The presence of the diagnostic character of the genus Paraleucilla (Amphoriscidae, Calcarea, Porifera) may depend on the volume and body wall thickness of the sponges

Lanna

Rattis

Cavalcanti

2017

Invertebrate Biology

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The main difference between the sponge genera Leucilla and Paraleucilla (Porifera, Calcarea, Amphoriscidae) is the presence of a disorganized zone (DZ) in the inner region of the skeleton of the latter genus. However, it has been repeatedly observed that specimens from different species of Paraleucilla lack this feature. It is assumed that the size of the sponge may have an effect on the presence or the absence of the DZ, but no investigation of this morphological variation has previously tested this hypothesis. Here, we examined this assumption and described the frequency with which the DZ is absent from individuals of Paraleucilla magna. We also investigated possible drivers of the observed variation using generalized linear models to evaluate whether the month of the year, rainfall, reproductive activity, volume, and body wall thickness could influence the presence or the absence of the DZ. The DZ was absent from 46.5% of the analyzed individuals, indicating that it may be misleading to use this trait to identify the genera Leucilla and Paraleucilla. The presence of the DZ in P. magna is influenced negatively by volume and positively by body wall thickness of the individuals. Our results confirm the previous assumptions for the family Amphoriscidae and highlight problems with the current classification of Calcarea. A discussion of the validity of some morphological characters and the importance of analyzing their variation is provided.

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Population dynamics of cryptogenic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) in Southeastern Brazil

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Fragmentation, Fusion, and Genetic Homogeneity in a Calcareous Sponge (Porifera, Calcarea)

Fragmentation, Fusion, and Genetic Homogeneity in a Calcareous Sponge (Porifera, Calcarea)

Environmental effects on the reproduction and fecundity of the introduced calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The presence of the diagnostic character of the genus Paraleucilla (Amphoriscidae, Calcarea, Porifera) may depend on the volume and body wall thickness of the sponges

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