Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp<i> (Dryocosmus kuriphilus)</i> in Italy

Panzavolta, Tiziana; Croci, Francesco; Bracalini, Matteo; Melika, George; Benedettelli, Stefano; Florenzano, Guido Tellini; Tiberi, Riziero

doi:10.1155/2018/8078049

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As far as parasitoids are concerned, a significantly inferior parasitism rate of sampled galls was recorded for the Carpinese chestnut trees (about 16%), when compared with the other two cultivars (Table 1), which had parasitism rates higher over 19% (Table 1). From reared ACGW galls seven parasitoid species emerged, all belonging to the superfamily of Chalcidoidea (Table 2); exception made for the non-native T. sinensis, the other six were native species associated to oak gall wasps, already recorded in Tuscany as adapted to the ACGW [15,16,17]. However, we observed a limited presence of native parasitoids, while the exotic T. sinensis amounted for the 84.27% of all emerged parasitoids ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…For the adult parasitoids' identification, we used an unpublished taxonomic key compiled by R. R. Askew (Manchester, UK), which is a basic identification tool on species level used for decades in the research of oak gall wasps' parasitoid communities. To assess parasitism rates only the dissected galls were taken into account, since the resulting data are more reliable than recording parasitoid emergence [17]. Parasitism rate was evaluated applying the following formula:…”

Section: Sampling and Rearing Of Gallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many investigations regarding the dynamics of ACGW native antagonists have been carried out in Italy, but the results which followed were quite dissimilar. In fact, while some papers reported negligible parasitism rates by native parasitoids, other authors observed far better effectiveness in controlling the ACGW, to the point of allowing some optimism about their potential [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. The occurrence of competition with T. sinensis may negatively affect native parasitoids, by potentially decreasing their parasitism rates both on the ACGW and on native oak gall wasps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in Italy: Surveys on its Native and Exotic Parasitoids as Well as on Chestnut Cultivar Susceptibility

Bracalini

Croci

Turchi

et al. 2019

AJAAR

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In the context of biological control against the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Italy, the aim of this study was to survey its native parasitoids as well as the exotic Torymus sinensis Kamijo which had been introduced and released as a biological control agent. Furthermore, both parasitism and pest susceptibility of local chestnut trees were investigated. Surveys were carried out in 2014 in the Municipality of Sambuca Pistoiese (Pistoia), in a chestnut forest which included three cultivars: Nerattino, Carpinese, and Pastinese. On a total of 35 trees, selected among the three cultivars, 24 current-year shoots were randomly collected and examined in the laboratory. After the damage by the cynipid had been assessed, leaf samples were used for molecular analyses. Galls were also collected on the 35 selected trees both for dissection and to rear parasitoid specimens in the laboratory. The three cultivars were confirmed by genetic tests. The Carpinese cultivar resulted to be the most damaged, with highest percentage of attacked shoots (84.38%). Moreover it was also the cultivar with the lower parasitism rate (about 16%). From reared galls seven parasitoid species emerged, all belonging to the superfamily of Chalcidoidea. Exception made for the non-native T. sinensis, the other six were native species associated to oak gall wasps. Native parasitoids were more scarcely present, while the exotic T. sinensis amounted for the 84.27% of all emerged parasitoids. Our results confirm how chestnut susceptibility to D. kuriphilus varies depending on the cultivar. Overall, the Nerattino cultivar resulted as the best among the three examined: it was subject to a less intense attack than the other cultivars, and the resulting smaller galls were more effectively exploited by parasitoids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Sampling and Rearing Of Gallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in Italy: Surveys on its Native and Exotic Parasitoids as Well as on Chestnut Cultivar Susceptibility

Bracalini

Croci

Turchi

et al. 2019

AJAAR

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“…geranii were recorded on chestnut galls. These data concerning the emerged native Torymus species confirm previous observations reported in the literature (de Vere Graham & Gijswijt, ; Askew et al ., ; Alma et al ., ; Ferracini et al ., ; Bonsignore & Bernardo, ; Panzavolta et al ., ). Regarding the emergence from chestnut galls, the three native Torymus species were found only during the first 2 years of investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seasonal flight activity and genetic relatedness ofTorymusspecies in Italy

Pogolotti

Cuesta-Porta

Pujadé-Villar

et al. 2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Torymus sinensis Kamijo was released into Europe to control the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, proving to be an effective biocontrol agent. 2 In Japan, hybrids between this exotic parasitoid and the native congeneric Torymus beneficus Yasumatsu and Kamijo have been recorded, whereas no case of hybridization with natives has been reported for Europe. 3 The seasonal phenology of the Torymus species was investigated in north-west Italy and 172 997 chestnut galls (Castanea spp.), 7866 oak galls (Quercus spp.), 29 wild rose galls (Rosa spp.) and 44 bramble galls (Rubus spp.) were collected over a 5-year period. 4 The seasonal flight activity was recorded for eight native Torymus species [Torymus affinis (Fonscolombe), Torymus auratus (Müller), Torymus bedeguaris (L.), Torymus calcaratus Nees, Torymus cyaneus Walker, Torymus flavipes (Walker), Torymus geranii (Walker) and Torymus notatus (Walker)] and five of them were found to overlap with T. sinensis flight, namely T. affinis, T. auratus, T. flavipes, T. geranii and T. notatus. 5 Among the Torymus native species, T. notatus revealed to be morphologically and phylogenetically closely related to T. sinensis, thus suggesting hybridization potential.

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“…This rate has been classified as medium or low by authors such as Santi andMaini (2011), García (2013) or Quacchia et al (2013). However, some species of Torymidae such as Torymus flavipes (Walker) could be a potential and effective tool in the control of the ACGW in the future (Panzavolta et al 2013). Other authors such as Iskender et al (2017) have even proposed other biological control techniques based on the use of the properties and possibilities of the bacteria associated with the ACGW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi associated with necrotic galls of <i>Dryocosmus kuriphilus</i> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in northern Spain

Fernández¹,

García²,

Casero³

2018

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Presence of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Northern Spain.• The mycobiota associated to necrotic galls was studied for the first time.• 7 fungal species were identified.• The entomopathogenic fungi found could be use as potential biological control agents.• Gnomomiopsis smithogilvyi, Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum known by their toxicity against the insect, were found. AbstractThe Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is one of the most important pests in Castanea species worldwide. In 2012, it was found for the first time in Catalonia (Spain) and a year later, in the north of Spain (Cantabria). Today, it is present in 14 Spanish provinces. In search of biological control against the ACGW, several authors have previously found the relationship between the presence of some Fusarium Link species in necrotic galls and wasp mortality due to the production of different types of wall-degrading enzymes and entomopathogenic mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to investigate the mycobiota associated with necrotic galls to find interesting perspectives for biological control of the ACGW. For this purpose, in 2014, 119 necrotic galls of Castanea sativa Miller were plated to isolate and identify the associated fungi. The fungal isolates were identified by the morphology of the fruiting bodies and DNA analyses. From necrotic galls, 7 species of fungi were identified. Of these, we highlight three species of Fusarium Link as well as the presence of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi Shuttlew, Liew & Guest due to its toxic capacity. Further studies are required to verify the effectiveness of these fungal species as biocontrol agents against the ACGW.

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Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Italy

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

The Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in Italy: Surveys on its Native and Exotic Parasitoids as Well as on Chestnut Cultivar Susceptibility

The Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp in Italy: Surveys on its Native and Exotic Parasitoids as Well as on Chestnut Cultivar Susceptibility

Seasonal flight activity and genetic relatedness ofTorymusspecies in Italy

Fungi associated with necrotic galls of <i>Dryocosmus kuriphilus</i> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in northern Spain

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