Population dynamics of the argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) in pastures of Waikato, New Zealand

Multitrophic interaction between the ryegrassLolium perenne,its endophyteNeotyphodium lolii,the weevil pestListronotus bonariensis,and its parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodae

“…Manawa. Barker et al (1989) observed Waikato weevil populations of c. 130 rrr 2 in endophytic L. perenne, and, similarly, Prestidge & van der Zijpp (1985) noted peak weevil densities of c. 200 m~2 in the Central North Island, also in endophytic L. perenne pasture. An alternative explanation could be that by the time of this experiment weevil densities had become suppressed through the cumulative effect of the parasitoid M. hyperodae on the local L. bonariensis populations.…”

“…Listronotus bonariensis is one of New Zealand's most severe pests of Gramineae and, because of this, its biology and ecology are now reasonably well understood (e.g., Pottinger 1961;Goldson 1981;Barker et al 1989;Goldson et al 1998;McNeill et al 1998). The mining habit of the weevil's larval stages kills both vegetative and flowering tillers (Pottinger 1961), while the adults chew off emerging cotyledons in newly-sown stands (Goldson & Penman 1979).…”

Intensified agriculture favors evolved resistance to biological control

“…Again, this barrier to resistance may be reduced if enemy diversity is lower in high-intensity agricultural systems. For example, in New Zealand pastures, grazing intensity is associated with a decline in the diversity and abundance of spider predators, which have approximately half the diversity of the fauna from similar sites in England (30), and invertebrate predators generally have low impact on L. bonariensis populations in New Zealand (31,32). Insectivorous birds also have low abundance in the absence of native vegetation on New Zealand farms.…”

Checklist of naturally occurring entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes in New Zealand

“…Reference Pillai & Smith 1968;Pillai 1969;Couch & Bland 1985Petch 1926Myers 1928Barker et al 1989Malone et al 1984Dymock 1989Alma 1977Collyer & van Geldermalsen 1975Wearing 1975 Glare & Jackson in prep. Barker et al 1991Helson 1965Barker et al 1991Ferguson & Fletcher 1991Barker et al 1991Wigley & Dhana 1988Pearson 1975 Glare & Jackson in prep.…”

“…Laird 1991Laird 1991Laird 1991Laird 1991Hill et al 1985Cumber 1966Glare unpubl Dumbleton in Veen 1968;Helson 1965;Latch 1965Hill et al 1985Helson 1965Mercer 1981Barker et al 1989Hoy 1961Hill et al 1987Hill et al 1987Goh et al 1991Pearson 1975 Humber Cumber 1966Siew 1960Emms & Ferguson in Ferguson 1989 4It appears the first reference to Cordyceps sinclairii attacking cicadas was in Cooke (1892), quoted in Miller (1956).lsaria sinclairii was listed as a doubtful species by Dingley (1953) and was placed in synonym with Paecilomyces cicadae by Samson (1974 Unidentified fungi "aquatic Phycomycete" "Fungi" "Fungi" "Fungus" "Greenish-blue mold" "Fungal diseases" "Fungus" "Fungus" "Two unidentified fungi" "Fungi" "Fungi" "Fungus" "Fungus" "Fungi" "Isarial form" "Fungus" "Fungus" Grehan & Wigley 1984Hill et al 1985Hill et al 1985Lowe 1958Lowe 1956Cowley 1989Cunningham 1927Collyer & van Geldermalsen 1975Cunningham 1927Lowe 1956 Thomas & Poinar 1973Trought et al 1982Stucki et al 1984;Grimont et al 1988DSIR record Helson 1965 Jackson unpubl. Stucki et al 1984 Grehan & Wigley...…”