Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests

MacArthur, Robert H.

doi:10.2307/1931600

Cited by 1,287 publications

(850 citation statements)

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“…To avoid extinction, competing species must coevolve ways to divide resources (MacArthur 1958;Hutchinson 1959;MacArthur & Levins 1967). Species that recently diverged via allopatry and are experiencing secondary contact exhibit character displacement (Lack 1947;Brown & Wilson 1956;Schluter 1995;Kawano 2002;Pfennig & Pfennig 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed phenotypic differences between these closely related species can be the result of "the ghost of competition past (Connell 1980)." The primary way in which competing species coexist is through resource partitioning (MacArthur 1958;Hutchinson 1961;Schoener 1974;Pyke 1982;Martin & Martin 2001;Young et al 2010;Beaulieu & Sockman 2012). As a result, closely related and ecologically similar species that overlap in ranges partition their resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resource partitioning can occur when species forage in different habitats/ micro-habitats (MacArthur 1958;Hutchinson 1961;Alatalo & Alatalo 1979;Török 1990;Steen et al 2007) and at different times (Bosakowski & Smith 1992;Lawler & Morin 1993;Kronfeld-Schor & Dayan 2003;Lara et al 2009). Furthermore, coexisting species often use different hunting tactics that result in the capture of different prey items (Pulliam 1985;Kent 1986aKent , 1986bKiszka et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest structure affects resource partitioning between pygmy and white-breasted nuthatches

Cloyed

2014

Coevolution

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Ecologically similar, sympatric species will theoretically drive one or the other extinct unless those species can divide their resources. Resource partitioning is a common way to avoid competitive exclusion and these differences in resource utilization often represent the "ghost of competition past." I studied how two closely related species, pygmy (Sitta pygmaea) and white-breasted (Sitta carolinensis) nuthatches, divide tree space. Furthermore, I tested whether pygmy and white-breasted nuthatches foraged in different areas on large-and small-diameter trees and whether pygmy nuthatches foraged more frequently on small-diameter trees. Finally, I tested whether each nuthatch species foraged less frequently in forests where most of the small-diameter trees have been removed. I found that in large trees, pygmy nuthatches foraged higher up in the tree and on the branches than white-breasted nuthatches. White-breasted nuthatches foraged low in the tree and on the trunk. In small-diameter trees, pygmy nuthatches foraged mostly on the lower trunk. White-breasted nuthatches foraged significantly less frequently on small-diameter trees than on large-diameter trees. Overall, pygmy nuthatches foraged more on small-diameter trees. Finally, pygmy nuthatches foraged significantly less frequently in areas of the forest where small-diameter trees have been selectively logged. My results concur with the literature on niche partitioning in forest-dwelling birds, where trees are divided spatially among species. Finally, my data may help explain historical niche relations between these species and how changes in forest structure can alter these niche dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest structure affects resource partitioning between pygmy and white-breasted nuthatches

Cloyed

2014

Coevolution

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“…It has turned out very soon that predator-prey systems can show different dynamical behaviors (steady states, oscillations, chaos) depending on the value of model parameters. In the past investigations have revealed that spatial inhomogeneities like the inhomogeneous distribution of nutrients as well as interactions on spatial scales like migration can have an important impact on the dynamics of ecological populations (MacArthur (1958); Malchow (2000); Pascual et al (2002); Petrovskii et al (2004); Wilson and Abrams (2005)). In particular it has been shown that spatial inhomogeneities promotes the persistence of ecological populations, play an important role in speciation and stabilize population levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instabilities in spatially extended predator–prey systems: Spatio-temporal patterns in the neighborhood of Turing–Hopf bifurcations

Baurmann

Groß

Feudel

2007

Journal of Theoretical Biology

328

218

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We investigate the emergence of spatio-temporal patterns in ecological systems. In particular we study a generalized predator-prey system on a spatial domain. On this domain diffusion is considered as the principal process of motion. We derive the conditions for Hopf and Turing instabilities without specifying the predatorprey functional responses and discuss their biological implications. Furthermore, we identify the codimension-2 Turing-Hopf bifurcation and the codimension-3 TuringTakens-Bogdanov bifurcation. These bifurcations give rise to complex pattern formation processes in their neighborhood. Our theoretical findings are illustrated with a specific model. In simulations a large variety of different types of long-term behavior, including homogenous distributions, stationary spatial patterns and complex spatio-temporal patterns is observed.

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“…1, that the inclination of the regression line was significant (p < 0.05), the progression of the line occurred within Dyar's constant. The diferential growth from one instar to the other suggests to us that this occurs due to the superposition of niches, for, the fewer the larval instars, the greater will be the competition for food items of a given dimension studies in bird populations (MacArthur, 1958;Orians & Horn, 1969;MacArthur, 1971;Cody, 1974;Diamond, 1975;Hespenheide, 1975), in rodent populations (Brown, 1975;Rosenzweig et al, 1975;Mares & Williams, 1977), in lizard populations (Schoener & Gorman, 1968;Pianka, 1973;Schoener, 1975) and in fish populations (Zaret & Rand, 1971;Roughgarden, 1974;Werner, 1977), have suggested that competition exerts a major part regarding structure and function within the communities. These studies have shown that that the differential utilization of micro-habitat and food (size and/or taxons) were the factors that most influenced the minimization of competition and yet contributing to establish coexistence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the larval stages of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) using head capsule width

Francisco

Prado

2001

Rev. Bras. Biol.

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The mean width (n = 5) of the cephalic capsule instar of Alphitobius diaperinus was determined. The larvae were reared at 27ºC (+ 0.1ºC). The result showed that A. diaperinus has eight larval instars. The head capsule of the 1 st instar larvae measured x = 0.228 (SD = 0.0192) and the last instar larval measured x = 1.339 (SD = 0.0436). The developmental rate, determined by Dyar-Hutchinson's rule, was 1.29. These data may be useful for studies on phenology and age structure of A. diaperinus in the field.Key words: lesser mealworm, larval instars, cephalic capsule, caged layer manure. RESUMO Caracterização dos estádios larvais de Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) usando a largura da cápsula cefálica O valor médio da largura da cápsula cefálica de Alphitobius diaperinus foi verificado de acordo com seus estádios larvais, sendo medidos cinco indivíduos para cada estádio. O experimento foi conduzido em temperatura constante de 27ºC (+ 0,1ºC). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as larvas atingem oito estádios, com média de 0,228 mm (SD = 0,0192) para a larva recém-eclodida, até 1,339 mm (SD = 0,0436) no 8 o estádio. Também foi observado que o fator de crescimento das larvas corresponde à regra de Dyar-Hutchinson, apresentando média de 1,29 para razões de crescimento ao longo do desenvolvimento. Esses dados poderão ser utilizados em estudos de fenologia e estruturação etária de populações de A. diaperinus no campo.Palavras-chave: cascudinho, ínstares larvais, cápsula cefálica, esterco de aves poedeiras.

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Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests

Cited by 1,287 publications

References 42 publications

Forest structure affects resource partitioning between pygmy and white-breasted nuthatches

Forest structure affects resource partitioning between pygmy and white-breasted nuthatches

Instabilities in spatially extended predator–prey systems: Spatio-temporal patterns in the neighborhood of Turing–Hopf bifurcations

Characterization of the larval stages of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) using head capsule width

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