Population genetic analysis of 12 X-STRs in a Bahraini population sample (Allele and haplotype frequencies of 12 X-STRs in Bahraini population)

Abstract

To date, there are very limited genetic studies conducted on the Kingdom of Bahrain and this is one of the first studies conducted to evaluate the 12 X-STRs included in the Investigator X-12 QS kit. Bahrain is a small archipelago located in the Arabian Gulf. X-STRs are very informative in population genetics studies, human identification and complex kinship analysis. One hundred and fifty-six (156) buccal swabs were collected using cotton from non-relatives' Bahraini males from four different regions of Bahrain. DNA was processed using QIAsymphony SP instrument following quantification with Investigator Quantiplex HYres Kit in the 7500 Real-Time PCR System and detected in ABI 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. Analysis was done using different statistical softwares to obtain allele frequencies and haplotype frequencies-based upon the available four clusters of Linkage Groups (LGs)-and the forensic parameters.. Results indicated the diversity of the Bahraini population in terms of high Power of Discrimination (PD) and Probability of Match (PM) values obtained. The combined values of each forensic parameter such as cPD M , Mean exclusion chance (CMEC) Krüger, C MEC Kishida, and C MEC Desmarais as well as C MEC Desmarais Duo, were 0.9999983, 9999979, 0.9999939, 0.9999996 and 0.9999514 respectively based on the allele and haplotype frequencies. No shared profiles were observed. Number of non-standard alleles and null samples were obtained with more profoundly in locus DXS10148. We have conducted phylogenetic tree as well as multidimensional scale to analyze the Interpopulation diversity between Bahraini population and nine other populations and found out they reflect the geographical and social background of the region. Overall, the results confirm the importance of X-STRs in discriminating between individuals among Bahraini population and in establishing DNA databases for forensic and kinship studies.

An X-STRs analysis of the Iraqi Sorani Kurds

“…This study confirms the findings of a previous mtDNA study of the Sorani Kurds, which found that they are genetically related to the European lineage [65]. Furthermore, based on X-STRs, the Bahraini and Emirati populations were more closely linked, supporting the findings of Al-Snan's previous study [30].…”

“…This study looked into the structure of five geographical regions: 11 Middle Eastern countries and populations [30][31][32][33][34][35], three African regions [36][37][38], seven South Asian countries and populations [39][40][41][42][43][44], 17 European regions and populations [32,34,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and eight South American regions and populations [53,54]. STRUCTURE output was processed with STRUC-TURE HARVESTER to analyse and display likelihood values across numerous values of K, as well as to determine the number of genetic groupings that best suit the data [55,56].…”

“…Another study found significant associations between the markers DXS10103 and DXS10101, as well as DXS10103 and HPRTB in the Chuetas Jewish population [32]. However, various population studies have found substantial levels of LD for various pairs of loci within different linkage groups [30,31,34,37,49,54]. The observed variations are likely attributable to the sample size, since detecting linkage disequilibrium typically requires a substantial number of samples [68].…”