Population Genetic Aspects of Pollinator Decline

Packer, Laurence; Owen, Robin E.

doi:10.5751/es-00267-050104

Cited by 91 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…As many hymenopterans exhibit CSD (Cook and Crozier, 1995), they are expected to have even lower effective population sizes than previously predicted due to haplodiploidy alone. Hymenopteran species usually exhibit lower levels of genetic variation, when compared to diploid insects (reviewed by Packer and Owen, 2001) even when the confounding effects of haplodiploidy and social behavior are removed (Hedrick and Parker, 1997;Packer and Owen, 2001), consistent with the present analysis. Surprisingly low empirical estimates of N e (5100) for natural hymenopteran populations (Zayed and Packer, 2001;Antolin et al, 2003;Zayed et al, 2004) also lend support to the view that hymenopterans with CSD have lower N e than previously expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effective population size in Hymenoptera with complementary sex determination

Zayed

2004

Heredity

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Complementary sex determination in the haplodiploid Hymenoptera leads to the production of inviable or effectively sterile diploid males when diploid progeny are homozygous at the sex-determining locus. The production of diploid males reduces the number of females in a population and biases the effective breeding sex ratio in favor of haploid males. This in turn will reduce the effective population size (N e ) of hymenopteran populations with complementary sex determination relative to the expected reductions due to haplodiploidy alone. The effects of diploid male production on N e in hymenopterans with complementary sex determination when diploid males are either inviable or effectively sterile are assessed theoretically. In both models, low allelic diversity at the sex locus reduces the N e of hymenopteran populations, and this effect is largest when diploid males are effectively sterile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effective population size in Hymenoptera with complementary sex determination

Zayed

2004

Heredity

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“…These estimates suggest that a large part of the difference between the two estimates (48 vs 16.4) of N e reported by Ellis et al (2006) might be ascribed to the effect of worker reproduction. Hymenopteran species usually exhibit lower levels of genetic variation, when compared with diploid species (reviewed by Packer and Owen (2001)). Crozier and Pamilo (1996) predicted that although male production by workers may lead to lower levels of genetic variation by its effect on N e , it is unlikely that the effect is larger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera with worker-produced males

Nomura

Takahashi

2012

Heredity

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In many eusocial Hymenoptera, a proportion of males are produced by workers. To assess the effect of male production by workers on the effective population size N e , a general expression of N e in Hymenoptera with worker-produced males is derived on the basis of the genetic drift in the frequency of a neutral allele. Stochastic simulation verifies that the obtained expression gives a good prediction of N e under a wide range of conditions. Numerical computation with the expression indicates that worker reproduction generally reduces N e . The reduction can be serious in populations with a unity or female-biased breeding sex ratio. Worker reproduction may increase N e in populations with a male-biased breeding sex ratio, only if each laying worker produce a small number of males and the difference of male progeny number among workers is not large. Worker reproduction could be an important cause of the generally lower genetic variation found in Hymenoptera, through its effect on N e . Heredity (2012) 109, 261-268; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.11; published online 5 September 2012Keywords: effective population size; Hymenoptera; worker-produced males INTRODUCTIONEffective population size N e is a crucial parameter in population, conservation and quantitative genetics, because this parameter determines both the rate of inbreeding and the amount of genetic drift in populations (Caballero, 1994;Falconer and Mackay, 1996;Frankham et al., 2002). In haplodiploid species, N e has been predicted by applying Wright's (1933) standard formula for X-linked locus,where N f and N m are the numbers of breeding females and males, respectively. This application is reasonable, as inheritance in haplodiploid species is effectively equivalent to sex-linked inheritance in diploid species (Yokoyama and Nei, 1979;Page and Marks, 1982). Colonies of eusocial Hymenoptera are characterized by a reproductive division of labour. Colonies are founded by mated females (queens), who produce diploid daughters (workers and young queens) and haploid males. Workers do not mate, but they retain ovaries in many species. If workers are sterile, only queens should be counted as the breeding females in the computation of N e . Furthermore, under monogamous mating system as in many Hymenopteran species, both the numbers of queens and males are approximated by the number of nests, giving from equation (1) an estimate of N e as the number of nests multiplied by 1.5 (Ellis et al., 2006). In some species, as honey bees and army ants, a queen mates with more than one male, leading to a biased breeding sex ratio (r ¼ N m /N f ) from unity. In such species, assuming the absence of worker reproduction, N e has been predicted from equation (1) as Page and Marks, 1982). When r is large as in honey bees, 9N f /4, that is, the number of nests multiplied by 9/4, can be a good approximation of N e (Page and Marks, 1982).It is, however, known that under certain conditions, workers lay unfertilized eggs which develop into males (Crozier and Pamilo, 1996). This production of male...

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“…Inbreeding could also have contributed to the reduction in populations size due to the deleterious effects of homozygosis in loci responsible for sex determination in these bees, leading to the appearance of diploid drones in colonies. Packer and Owen (2001) have already showed that endangered species of some Lepidoptera had significantly lower levels of heterozygosity when compared with nonendangered species of the same order. The effective reduced population size and the occurrence of population 672 Tavares et al bottlenecks have also been cited as possible reasons for the low levels of polymorphism found in the ant Diacamma indicum (Viginier et al, 2004), andGoropasiinaya et al (2001) reported a reduction in the diversity of microsatellites in small and geographically isolated populations of the ant Formica cinerea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic divergence between populations of the stingless bee uruçu amarela (Melipona rufiventris group, Hymenoptera, Meliponini): is there a new Melipona species in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais?

et al. 2007

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Allozyme, microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used to investigate the within and between population genetic variability and between population genetic differentiation of the Brazilian stingless bee uruçu amarela (nominally Melipona rufiventris Lepeletier, 1836) present in savanna and Atlantic forest habitats of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (MG). We found low levels of within population variability, although there were a large number of private alleles that specifically characterized these populations. The F ST values indicated a high level of genetic diversity between populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a high degree of population differentiation between the savanna and Atlantic forest habitats, confirmed by population pairwise F ST data. Principal coordinates analysis and unweighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendrograms also confirmed that in Minas Gerais the savanna populations (M. rufiventris) were genetically distinct from those present in the Atlantic forest (M. mondury). In addition, populations from locations near the towns of Dom Bosco and Brasilândia de Minas were genetically different from those collected in other localities in the savanna. Our data indicate that populations of uruçu amarela found in the savanna and Atlantic forest habitats of Minas Gerais state should be treated separately for conservation purposes and that special attention should be given to the populations found in the region of Dom Bosco and Brasilândia de Minas until their taxonomic status is clarified.

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Population Genetic Aspects of Pollinator Decline

Abstract: Abstract•

Cited by 91 publications

References 118 publications

Effective population size in Hymenoptera with complementary sex determination

Effective population size in Hymenoptera with complementary sex determination

Effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera with worker-produced males

Genetic divergence between populations of the stingless bee uruçu amarela (Melipona rufiventris group, Hymenoptera, Meliponini): is there a new Melipona species in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais?

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