Population genetic structure and evolution of Batesian mimicry in <i>Papilio polytes</i> from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, analyzed by genotyping‐by‐sequencing

Tsurui-Sato, Kaori; Katoh, Mitsuho; Kimura, Ryosuke; Tatsuta, Haruki; Tsuji, Kazuki

doi:10.1002/ece3.7092

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Until that time, the medial white spots in the mimetic females of P. polytes were relatively small, but after the arrival of the model species, the medial white spots increased in size [ 70 ], suggesting that predation pressure by birds drives natural selection for the mimetic color patterns. The mimicry rates of P. polytes on islands are determined by the density of individuals of the model species [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], which has been supported by genetic analyses [ 73 ] and population dynamics’ models [ 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic Plasticity of the Mimetic Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio polytes: Color Pattern Modifications and Their Implications in Mimicry Evolution

Shimajiri

Otaki

2022

Insects

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Butterfly wing color patterns are sensitive to environmental stress, such as temperature shock, and this phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in color pattern evolution. However, the potential contributions of phenotypic plasticity to mimicry evolution have not been evaluated. Here, we focused on the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes, which has nonmimetic and mimetic forms in females, to examine its plastic phenotypes. In the nonmimetic form, medial white spots and submarginal reddish spots in the ventral hindwings were enlarged by cold shock but were mostly reduced in size by heat shock. These temperature-shock-induced color pattern modifications were partly similar to mimetic color patterns, and nonmimetic females were more sensitive than males and mimetic females. Unexpectedly, injection of tungstate, a known modification inducer in nymphalid and lycaenid butterflies, did not induce any modification, but fluorescent brightener 28, another inducer discovered recently, induced unique modifications. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity in nonmimetic females might have provided a basis of natural selection for mimetic color patterns during evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mimetic form has some disadvantages; it is less active [ 47 , 48 ] and has shorter life expectancy [ 49 ]. The mimetic forms are not always effective; their effectiveness depends on the number of sympatric individuals of the model species [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Plasticity of the Mimetic Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio polytes: Color Pattern Modifications and Their Implications in Mimicry Evolution

Shimajiri

Otaki

2022

Insects

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“…In East Asia, the Ryukyu Island Chain had been studied extensively, as a fertile region to test the relative influence and impact of geohistorical events, deep‐sea barriers, and sea currents in shaping this archipelago's highly endemic, insular biota (Kawamura et al., 2016; Komaki, 2021; Yang et al., 2018). However, ecological factors such as host‐specificity, adaptation to local environments, and interspecific competition have been rarely considered (but see Sato et al., 2021). Furthermore, the limited available studies have primarily focused on Taiwan and the Ryukyus with occasional attempts to establish connections with continental biota (Chen et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A shift in the host web occupancy of dew‐drop spiders associated with genetic divergence in the Southwest Pacific

Elias,

Responte,

et al. 2024

Journal of Biogeography

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AimWe assessed the population genetic structure of the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes bonadea across the Southwestern Pacific islands. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of overseas distances and, in particular, the Kerama gap, as potential drivers of genetic differentiation. If no relationship exists, then we assume dispersal following adaptive change as alternative non‐vicariant mechanism that generates divergence.LocationSouthwestern Pacific Islands.Taxon Argyrodes bonadea. MethodsWe used mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences and Restriction Site‐associated DNA Sequencing (RAD‐seq) for our analyses.ResultsTwo strongly supported lineages, an Amami‐Okinawa Lineage (AOL) and an Austral‐Asia Lineage (AAL), correspond to two separate clades, roughly divided by the Kerama Gap, in phylogenetic trees estimated here. However, species delimitation led to the interpretation of only a single species present. The AOL exhibits complex, geographically structured host web spider species specificity, wherein the Amami population utilizes Cyrtophora, but AOL samples in Okinawa associate exclusively with Nephila—and yet all broadly distributed AAL populations show no evidence of host web spider species specificity.Main ConclusionThe population boundary between AOL and AAL likely results from local adaptation to novel hosts—instead of isolation by the Kerama Gap—following long‐distance dispersal and range expansion. Our results suggest kleptoparasitic spiders have the capacity to overcome permanent deep‐sea barriers and colonize distant landmasses. Whereas peripheral populations (AOL) demonstrate the capacity for specialization to a single host, which may have contributed to genetic differentiation and isolation, the broadly distributed AAL persists and has successfully expanded its geographical range as a host generalist, which may contribute to ongoing gene flow inferred in this study.

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“…Despite some colour pattern differences, the model still gains strong protection against predators [14]. While many studies have investigated the evolutionary [34,35] and genetic bases [36,37] for this mimicry, the extent to which P. polytes can differ in its aposematic patterning from P. aristolochiae before losing its anti-predator function is not well understood. Focusing on this system, we investigated how patterns influence the efficacy of aposematic strategies and tried to identify some of the factors that allow for protection from predation despite imperfect mimicry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Matters in the Aposematic Colouration of Papilio polytes Butterflies

Lim,

Chan,

Monteiro

2024

Insects

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Many toxic animals display bright colour patterns to warn predators about their toxicity. This sometimes leads other sympatric palatable organisms to evolve mimetic colour patterns to also evade predation. These mimics, however, are often imperfect, and it is unclear how much their colour patterns can vary away from the model before they become ineffective. In this study, we investigated how predation risk of the palatable Common Mormon butterfly (Papilio polytes) is affected by two alterations of its wing pattern that make it progressively more distinct from its model, the Common Rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae). We deployed butterfly paper models in the field, where all models displayed the same colours but had different patterns. In the first modification from the Wildtype pattern, we exchanged the position of the red and white colour patches but kept the overall pattern constant. In the second modification, we created an eyespot-like shape from the pre-existing pattern elements by moving their positions in the wing, altering the overall wing pattern. Both modifications increased attack risk from predators relative to Wildtype patterns, with the eyespot-like modification having the highest predation risk. Our results show that avian predators can distinguish between all three patterns tested, and that pattern is important in aposematic signals. Predators learn to avoid aposematic colours, not in isolation, but as part of specific patterns.

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Population genetic structure and evolution of Batesian mimicry in Papilio polytes from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, analyzed by genotyping‐by‐sequencing

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Phenotypic Plasticity of the Mimetic Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio polytes: Color Pattern Modifications and Their Implications in Mimicry Evolution

Phenotypic Plasticity of the Mimetic Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio polytes: Color Pattern Modifications and Their Implications in Mimicry Evolution

A shift in the host web occupancy of dew‐drop spiders associated with genetic divergence in the Southwest Pacific

Pattern Matters in the Aposematic Colouration of Papilio polytes Butterflies

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