Population genetic structure of the cleistogamous plant species Viola pubescens Aiton (Violaceae), as indicated by allozyme and ISSR molecular markers

Abstract

Few studies of genetic variation have focused on species that reproduce through both showy, chasmogamous (CH)¯owers and self-pollinated, cleistogamous (CL)¯owers. Using two dierent techniques, genetic variation was measured in six populations of Viola pubescens Aiton, a yellowowered violet found in the temperate forests of eastern North America. Results from eight allozyme loci showed that there was considerable genetic variation in the species, and population structuring was indicated by the presence of unique alleles and a h (F ST ) value of 0.29. High genetic variation was also found using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers, and population structuring was again evident with unique bands. Viola pubescens appears to have a true mixed-mating system in which sel®ng through CL and CH¯owers contributes to population dierentiation, and outcrossing through CH¯owers increases genetic variation and gene¯ow among populations. Overall, allozyme and ISSR techniques yielded similar results, indicating that ISSR markers show potential for use in population genetic studies.

Genetic diversity in Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis): differential response to Botrytis cinerea infection

“…However, it is important to notice that this technique may evaluate the polymorphism when f ingerprinting strategy is applied (Bornet and Branchard, 2001;Culley and Wolfe, 2001;Arnau et al, 2002). ISSR molecular markers appear as an excellent tool to study polymorphism in the four Fragaria groups included in this experiment.…”

Range dynamics and invasive tendencies in Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia in eastern North America derived from herbarium and pollen records

“…Unfortunately, not all researchers collect vouchers during their work. For example, an allozyme analysis of a geographically distant Viola pubescens Aiton population indicated the unexpected presence of two distinct groups of genotypes ( Culley and Wolfe, 2001 ); unfortunately, vouchers had not been collected during the initial collecting trip, so the population had to be revisited before the different genotypes were confi rmed as two subspecies growing intermixed at the site.…”

Low Genetic Diversity of Declining Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) at its Southern Range Limits in Poland

“…It has been demonstrated that cleistogamy might influence the genetic structure of violets' populations. Genetic variation (measured by values of F ST or Θ indices) in Viola pubescens developing both CH and CL flowers was significantly higher (Culley and Wolfe, 2001) than in V. pedunculata with only CH flowers (Culley and Stokes, 2012). However, in V. striata and V. grahamii high population genetic diversity was maintained, despite very high frequency of CL flowers and vegetative reproduction (Cortes-Palomec et al, 2006).…”

“…calaminaria, V. pubescens, V. riviniana, V. reichenbachiana, V. striata, V. grahamii, V. tricolor) differentiation among populations is weaker because it is balanced by the existing gene flow (Auge et al, 2001;Culley and Wolfe, 2001;CortesPalomec et al, 2006;Bizoux et al, 2008;Słomka et al, 2011;Kuta et al, 2014;Cánovas et al, 2015;Migdałek, 2015). The Mantel test performed on V. uliginosa populations revealed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances, showing, that gene flow vectors (pollination and diaspore dispersal) are weak even on such relatively short distances.…”