Population genetic structure of the noxious weed Amaranthus retroflexus in Central Europe

N deposition affects allelopathic potential of Amaranthus retroflexus with different distribution regions

“…Gatti et al (2014) also found that climate conditions can affect plant secondary metabolism (such as precipitation and temperature) and then alter the allelopathic activity of plant species via alter the production of allelochemicals. The result may also be attributed in part to the fact that A. retroflexus originated in America (Mandák et al 2011, Yang et al 2011) and/ or south-eastern Asia (Yang et al 2011) which have higher similarity climate conditions as Zhenjiang rather than Jinan. The result was consistent with the study's third hypothesis.…”

“…Both are members of the Amaranthus genus. A. retroflexus is a summer annual weed (Horak and Loughlin 2000) native to America (Mandák et al 2011, Yang et al 2011) and/or south-eastern Asia (Yang et al 2011). At present, A. retroflexus is a common weed that grows vigorously in orchards, roadside verges, fields, woods, and scrubland in China and has been listed as a destructive and widespread invasive species in China (Yang et al 2011).…”

Amaranthus retroflexus L.: Redroot pigweed

“…Oko 40 vrsta roda Amaranthus vodi poreklo iz Amerike, dok su ostale poreklom iz Australije, Afrike, Azije i Evrope (Costea et al, 2001a), pri čemu je A. retroflexus poreklom iz Severne Amerike (Costea et al, 2004;Mandak et al, 2011). U Evropu je introdukovana posle II svetskog rata, što znači da se prema podeli adventivnih vrsta koju je dao Trinajstić (1976) svrstava u neotofite.…”

“…Odlikuje se izraženom morfološkom varijabilnošću na šta ukazuje činjenica da je opisano preko 50 varijeteta, formi i drugih nižih taksonomskih jedinica i to uglavnom u Evropi (Thellung, 1914;Morariu, 1952;Priszter, 1953). Nasuprot tome, genetička varijabilnost vrste je okarakterisana kao umerena, pri čemu je varijabilnost na ruderalnim staništima izraženija nego na poljoprivrednim površinama, što se pripisuje primeni herbicida (Mandak et al, 2011). Kotiledoni ponika su izduženo linearni, dužine 8-10 mm i širine 0,75-1 mm, pri osnovi ljubičasto-crveni.…”

Genetic variation of isolated and peripheral populations of Pinus sylvestris (L.) from glacial refugia

“…The analysis of variation in molecular markers including isoenzymes (e.g., Mandák et al, 2011) and chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, facilitates the determination of the precise genetic structure of a population, as well as the directions of gene flows and migrations routes (e.g., Dvořákova et al, 2010). In the investigation of migration routes, analysis of the frequencies of rare alleles is particularly useful (Petit et al, 2002;Prus-Głowacki et al, 2003).…”