Population genetic variability and origin of Auckland Island feral pigs

Fan, Bin; Gongora, Jaime; Garkavenko, Olga; Li, Kui; Moran, Chris

doi:10.1080/03014223.2005.9517784

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The AS clade included all the Asian types and four European pig breeds (Landrace, Berkshire, Large White and Manchado de Jabugo) confirming the documented introgression of Asian DNA into European swine stocks (Giuffra et al 2000;Kim et al 2002). These data are also consistent with analyses of nuclear markers including microsatellites (Paszek et al 1998;Vernesi et al 2003;Fan et al 2005) and genes (Giuffra et al 2000;Naya et al 2003;Gongora et al 2004). The clustering of H5-BG and H9-BG in the AS clade in both the BI tree and the MJ network (Figures 2 and 3) suggests that an interbreeding between Asian wild boars and pigs was not to be excluded.…”

Section: A Group Including All Asian and A Few European Haplotypes (8supporting

confidence: 74%

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variations in some Italian wild boar populations

Lattuada¹,

Quaglia²,

Iannelli³

et al. 2009

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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In order to investigate the relationships between Italian wild boar and major pig breeds, we studied the genetic variability of four wild boar populations in Italy (Arezzo, Pisa, Parma, Bergamo) using a 533-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Sixty-nine wild boar samples were analysed, allowing the identification of 10 distinct haplotypes, which involve a total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic and network analyses were performed also considering several sequences of wild and domesticated forms available in the databases. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree and the Median-Joining network analyses show three main groups: the Italian (IT), European (EU) and Asian (AS) clades. The IT clade corresponds to the Maremma endemic wild boar population and also includes Sardinian individuals, while the EU and AS groups include wild boars as well as domestic pig breeds. Only two individuals from Pisa cluster in the IT group, whereas two haplotypes from Bergamo cluster in the AS group and all other samples cluster in the EU clade. These findings suggest that in Italy wild boar populations have a mixed origin, both EU and AS, and that an interbreeding between wild and domesticated strains has probably occurred. Eight of the 10 wild boars coming from the Migliarino-San Rossore-Massaciuccoli Regional Park (Pisa) belong to H2 and H3 haplotypes, and cluster into the EU clade, suggesting that this regional park is not anymore exclusive of the endemic Maremma wild boar.

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Section: A Group Including All Asian and A Few European Haplotypes (8supporting

confidence: 74%

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variations in some Italian wild boar populations

Lattuada¹,

Quaglia²,

Iannelli³

et al. 2009

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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“…When the mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequences of the Auckland Island pigs were compared with sequences from domestic and wild boar, the sequence from the Auckland Island pigs clustered with domestic European breeds, and they represent a single breeding population [ 1 , 2 ]. Phylogenetic analyses of microsatellites also showed that they are more closely related to European pigs than Chinese pigs, which is consistent with the mitochondrial analyses [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Auckland Island pigs are descendants of Western pigs brought to the island [1,2]. This was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of microsatellites and mitochondrial analyses showing that they are more closely related to European pigs than Chinese pigs [3]. The PERV copy number in Western pigs is higher compared with Chinese pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Pigs were removed from Auckland Island in 1999 to help restore the environment to its former state, and were brought to the mainland of New Zealand for conservation. A total of 17 animals were housed, initially in quarantine, in a special, purpose-built facility in Invercargill, where they have been successfully bred [ 3 ]. The pigs are black or white to brown with black markings, and have a long snout and high hair and bristle coverage for the cold conditions [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Copy Number of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV) in Auckland Island Pigs Repeatedly Used for Clinical Xenotransplantation and Elimination of PERV-C

Fiebig,

Krüger,

Denner

2024

Microorganisms

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Auckland Island pigs represent an inbred population of feral pigs isolated on the sub-Antarctic island for over 100 years. The animals have been maintained under pathogen-free conditions in New Zealand; they are well characterized virologically and have been used as donor sources in first clinical trials of porcine neonatal islet cell transplantation for the treatment of human diabetes patients. The animals do not carry any of the xenotransplantation-relevant viruses, and in the first clinical trials, no porcine viruses, including porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) were transmitted to the human recipients. PERVs pose a special risk in xenotransplantation, since they are part of the pig genome. When the copy number of PERVs in these animals was analyzed using droplet digital PCR and primers binding to a conserved region of the polymerase gene (PERVpol), a copy number typical for Western pigs was found. This confirms previous phylogenetic analyses of microsatellites as well as mitochondrial analyses showing a closer relationship to European pigs than to Chinese pigs. When kidney cells from very young piglets were analyzed, only around 20 PERVpol copies were detected. Using these cells as donors in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), animals were born showing PERVpol copy numbers between 35 and 56. These data indicate that Auckland Island pigs have a similar copy number in comparison with other Western pig breeds and that the copy number is higher in adult animals compared with cells from young piglets. Most importantly, PERV-C-free animals were selected and the absence of an additional eight porcine viruses was demonstrated.

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“…As might be expected from the known historical evidence, DNA studies of the Auckland Island pigs have confirmed that they constitute a distinct breed, related most closely to European breeds (Gongora et al 2002(Gongora et al , 2004Robins et al 2003;Fan et al 2005). Using samples from two of the adults taken from the island, and from 19 first generation animals born in captivity, Fan et al (2005, p. 279, 284) calculated that the Auckland Island pigs have a low level of genetic variability compared with other pigs, and that this could create problems for ex situ conservation.…”

Section: Auckland Island Pigsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Introduction, rescue, and subsequent history of Auckland Islands livestock

Trotter¹,

Willis²

2022

NZJE

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Farm livestock and other animals were introduced onto the Auckland Islands during the 19th century. Most were eradicated by the late 20th century, but before then, some goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cattle (Bos taurus) and pigs (Sus scrofa) that were considered to have unique genetic characteristics were taken to mainland New Zealand with a view to studying and maintaining their particular breeds. Goats were liberated on the Auckland Islands on several occasions but those that survived to the late 20th century probably came from a group left on Auckland Island in 1865. In 1986 and 1987 some of these goats were taken to the South Island of New Zealand but were not maintained. Those goats left on Auckland Island were eradicated by 1992. Enderby Island rabbits came from a group of silver-greys that were released there in 1865. Forty-nine of them were captured and taken to Wellington in 1992, the rest were eradicated the following year. Breeding groups representing these rabbits are maintained in New Zealand today, but their numbers remain below the threshold required to ensure survival of the breed. Cattle were taken to the Auckland Islands in 1850 but appear not to have survived. A later introduction onto Enderby Island in 1896 fared better, though their numbers were never great. Semen was taken from 16 bulls at the time of their culling in 1991 and preserved, but oocyte removal from 11 cows at the same time was unsuccessful. A single surviving cow ('Lady') and her calf were rescued in 1993, but the calf later died. A number of Lady's descendants have subsequently been produced in New Zealand through cloning, embryo transfer and natural mating. Pigs had been left on Enderby Island in 1807 and were reported to be on Auckland Island in 1840. Seventeen from Auckland Island were captured in 1999 and brought back to New Zealand where the breed has proved to be a valuable source of medical products.

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Population genetic variability and origin of Auckland Island feral pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variations in some Italian wild boar populations

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variations in some Italian wild boar populations

Determination of the Copy Number of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV) in Auckland Island Pigs Repeatedly Used for Clinical Xenotransplantation and Elimination of PERV-C

Introduction, rescue, and subsequent history of Auckland Islands livestock

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