Population Genetics in the Conservation of Cetaceans and Primates

Andrews, Kimberly R.

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54523-1_15

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Geographical and ecological barriers to dispersal capacity, such as rivers, mountains and anthropogenic habitat fragmentation for primates, or continental masses for cetaceans, can influence gene flow and genetic differentiation patterns between populations. However, in most cases, the complex genetic structure cannot be explained simply by geographical barriers (reviewed in Andrews ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dispersal patterns of highly social species are frequently influenced by sociocultural features (Andrews ). Restricted dispersal due to social barriers has been reported to influence fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in the unrelated white‐winged chough, Corcorax melanorhamphos (Beck et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extreme level of genetic structure of Iberian choughs is unlike any case reported for birds that are unconstrained by geographical or ecological barriers at regional scales. Natal‐range philopatry or philopatry to particular habitat types and/or social structure features, such as strong group stability and sex‐biased dispersal, can explain the pronounced genetic structure observed in several species (Andrews ). Furthermore, cultural factors like ethnolinguistic boundaries and traditional social practices are also important factors regulating gene flow in human populations (Tishkoff et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…geographical distance), isolation by colonization (geographical barriers) or isolation by adaptation (ecological barriers) (Orsini et al . ; Andrews ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme genetic structure in a social bird species despite high dispersal capacity

et al. 2017

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Social barriers have been shown to reduce gene flow and contribute to genetic structure among populations in species with high cognitive capacity and complex societies, such as cetaceans, apes and humans. In birds, high dispersal capacity is thought to prevent population divergence unless major geographical or habitat barriers induce isolation patterns by dispersal, colonization or adaptation limitation. We report that Iberian populations of the red-billed chough, a social, gregarious corvid with high dispersal capacity, show a striking degree of genetic structure composed of at least 15 distinct genetic units. Monitoring of marked individuals over 30 years revealed that long-distance movements over hundreds of kilometres are common, yet recruitment into breeding populations is infrequent and highly philopatric. Genetic differentiation is weakly related to geographical distance, and habitat types used are overall qualitatively similar among regions and regularly shared by individuals of different populations, so that genetic structure is unlikely to be due solely to isolation by distance or isolation by adaptation. Moreover, most population nuclei showed relatively high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting a limited role for genetic drift in significantly differentiating populations. We propose that social mechanisms may underlie this unprecedented level of genetic structure in birds through a pattern of isolation by social barriers not yet described, which may have driven this remarkable population divergence in the absence of geographical and environmental barriers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…geographical distance), isolation by colonization (geographical barriers) or isolation by adaptation (ecological barriers) (Orsini et al . ; Andrews ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme genetic structure in a social bird species despite high dispersal capacity

et al. 2017

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“…Patterns of gene flow vary extensively across space and time for cetaceans, driven largely by the wide variety of life history traits (109,110). Most species exhibit limited gene flow between ocean basins, even in taxa with temperate distributions; but genetic structure within ocean basins varies substantially across species.…”

Section: Taxon-specific Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative phylogeography of the ocean planet

Bowen

Gaither

DiBattista

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

221

198

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Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here, we examine phylogeographic partitions in the sea against a backdrop of biogeographic provinces defined by taxonomy, endemism, and species composition. The taxonomic identities used to define biogeographic provinces are routinely accompanied by diagnostic genetic differences between sister species, indicating interspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. In cases where individual species are distributed across two or more biogeographic provinces, shifts in genotype frequencies often align with biogeographic boundaries, providing intraspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. Here, we provide examples of comparative phylogeography from (i) tropical seas that host the highest marine biodiversity, (ii) temperate seas with high productivity but volatile coastlines, (iii) migratory marine fauna, and (iv) plankton that are the most abundant eukaryotes on earth. Tropical and temperate zones both show impacts of glacial cycles, the former primarily through changing sea levels, and the latter through coastal habitat disruption. The general concordance between biogeography and phylogeography indicates that the population-level genetic divergences observed between provinces are a starting point for macroevolutionary divergences between species. However, isolation between provinces does not account for all marine biodiversity; the remainder arises through alternative pathways, such as ecological speciation and parapatric (semiisolated) divergences within provinces and biodiversity hotspots.biogeography | coral reefs | evolution | marine biodiversity | speciation P hylogeography has roots in biogeography, wherein geographic provinces are identified by concordant shifts in species composition. If the partitions defined by taxonomy are regarded as first-order approximations of evolutionary genetic separations, then continuity between biogeography and phylogeography is apparent. Marine biogeography, the study of species' distributions and evolutionary processes in the sea, began in the mid19th century based on taxonomic distinctions. Dana (1) divided the surface waters of the world into several temperature zones based on the distributions of corals and crustaceans. Woodward (2) identified a series of marine provinces based on the distributions of mollusks. Forbes (3) made three enduring observations: (i) each biogeographic province is a center of origin for new species, (ii) these new species tend to migrate outward from the center of origin, and (iii) provinces, like species, must be traced back to their historical origins to be understood. These three fundamental contributions appeared in the same decade in which Darwin and Wallace (4) and Darwin (5) identified geography and natural selection as agents of evolutionary change.It is remarkable that five essential publications in the 1850s (1-5) set the stage ...

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Speciation

McCabe

2017

The International Encyclopedia of Primatology

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Speciation is the process through which new species arise through the splitting of lineages within parent species. There is much debate regarding both the rate and mode of speciation among living populations. Phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium represent two ends of a spectrum regarding the rate at which speciation occurs—painting two very different pictures of these events. Meanwhile, the mode of speciation is often classified in terms of spatial context by researchers to produce a continuum of mechanisms ranging from complete geographic isolation between populations in allopatric speciation to no geographic separation in sympatric speciation. However, many scientists agree that speciation is far too prolonged and complex a process to be easily classified into concrete categories. It is considered more prudent to view this process as a collection of stages, each with its own set of evolutionary forces driving the course of speciation itself.

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Population Genetics in the Conservation of Cetaceans and Primates

Cited by 6 publications

References 95 publications

Extreme genetic structure in a social bird species despite high dispersal capacity

Extreme genetic structure in a social bird species despite high dispersal capacity

Comparative phylogeography of the ocean planet

Speciation

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