Population genomics of helminth parasites

Thorn, C S; Maness, Ryne; Hulke, Jenna M.; Delmore, Kira E.; Criscione, Charles D.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x23000123

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…In contrast, Wadhwa et al [57], Velusamy et al [58], and Das et al [43] observed a lower, i.e., 10-55%, prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites and gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in ruminants. Similar reports on parasite prevalence rates are also available in the literature from different geographical regions of the world [36,37,59,60]. It was also observed that the female animals had a slightly higher infestation with gastrointestinal parasites as compared to their male counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Livestock farming is indispensable for the sustainability of the rural economy in India, including the northern state of Himachal Pradesh. However, gastrointestinal nematodes and gastrointestinal protozoa in domesticated ruminants are known to exert tremendous economic losses by adversely impacting animal health, productivity, yields, and reproduction [20,25,[35][36][37]. Moreover, these infections are often neglected by livestock owners and result in significant economic losses in the long term [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Protozoa in Small and Large Ruminants from Rural Agro-Climatic Regions of Northern India

Sharma,

Kour

et al. 2023

Diversity

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Gastrointestinal nematode parasites and gastrointestinal protozoan parasites are considered detrimental to the livestock population and manifest production-limiting effects. Small and large ruminants (cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep) are important components of the rural economy of northern India. However, the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in this agro-climatic region has not been studied extensively. In this study, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was determined in 163 animals, including cattle (n = 86), buffalo (n = 11), goats (n = 48), and sheep (n = 18) from 26 sampling sites by copro-parasitological analysis. The prevalence values of 94.47% and 66.87% were recorded for the nematodes and protozoa, respectively. The group-wise prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites was 95.3%, 90.9%, 93.7%, and 94.4% in cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep, respectively, whereas for gastrointestinal protozoan parasites, the respective values were 70.9%, 54.5%, 60.4%, and 72.2%. Copromicroscopy revealed ten genera of nematodes—Ascaris, Capillaria, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Ostertagia, Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, and one protozoan genus—Eimeria. The prevalence of Trichostrongylus spp. was highest in buffaloes, whereas in cattle, Ascaris spp. were predominant. In both goats and sheep, Haemonchus contortus was found to be predominant. The highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was recorded in the rainy season. These findings indicate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the ruminant population in this region and necessitate the implementation of preventive and control strategies for effective animal health management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Protozoa in Small and Large Ruminants from Rural Agro-Climatic Regions of Northern India

Sharma,

Kour

et al. 2023

Diversity

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Biotechnological Tools – Advances and Diagnostics to Control Parasitic Diseases in Aquaculture

Devnath,

Dhar,

Verma

et al. 2024

Current Trends in Fisheries Biotechnology

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Global diversity of soil-transmitted helminths reveals population-biased genetic variation that impacts diagnostic targets

Papaiakovou,

Waeschenbach,

Ajibola

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are intestinal pathogens affecting over a billion people worldwide. STH control relies on microsopy-based diagnostics to monitor parasite prevalence and enable post-treatment surveillance, however, molecular diagnostics are rapidly being developed due to increased sensitivity, particularly in low-STH-prevalence settings. The genetic diversity of helminths and its potential impact on molecular diagnostics remains unclear. Using low-coverage genome sequencing, we assessed the presence of STHs in worm, faecal and purified egg samples from 27 countries, identifying differences in the genetic connectivity and diversity of STH-positive samples across regions and cryptic diversity between closely related human- and pig-infective species. We defined substancial copy number and sequence variants in current diagnostic targets and validated the impact of genetic variants on qPCR diagnostics using in vitro assays. Our study provides insights into the diversity and genomic epidemiology of STHs, highlighting challenges and opportunities for developing molecular diagnostics needed to support STH control efforts.

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Population genomics of helminth parasites

Cited by 4 publications

References 180 publications

Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Protozoa in Small and Large Ruminants from Rural Agro-Climatic Regions of Northern India

Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Protozoa in Small and Large Ruminants from Rural Agro-Climatic Regions of Northern India

Biotechnological Tools – Advances and Diagnostics to Control Parasitic Diseases in Aquaculture

Global diversity of soil-transmitted helminths reveals population-biased genetic variation that impacts diagnostic targets

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