“…Other themes mentioned as needing attention included gender and violence, cultural studies, access to services and the gendered impacts of neoliberal macro-economic policies introduced post-apartheid under the Growth, Employment, and Redistribution initiative. In addition to the summary by Bob and Musyoki, it is important to note that the review on population geography (Makhanya and Moodley, 2002) also called for attention to women and gender, arguing "there is a dire need for research on discrimination against women using subjective and objective indicators... [with focal areas including] women's status and fertility, women's access to resources, violence against women, and ways to empower women (p.111). Its authors also recognized the links between gender and poverty, health (including HIV/AIDS), and youth issues.…”