Population health and status of epidemiology: WHO European Region I

Rahu, Mati; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Pega, Frank; Andreeva, Tatiana; Ay, Pınar; Baburin, Aleksei; Bencko, Vladimír; Csépe, Péter; Gębska-Kuczerowska, Anita; Ondrušová, Martina; Ribak, Joseph

doi:10.1093/ije/dyt054

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…This is comparable to findings of similar analyses of graduates of extra-European public health programmes [14][15][16][17]. As expected, the main areas of work were related to infectious diseases; but non-communicable diseases, also a priority for European public health [18], were represented too. Excluding current fellows, national, regional, or sub-regional PHIs remained the most common employers of respondents, indicating that EAN members are ideally placed to respond to public health emergencies at country and local levels.…”

Section: Competenciessupporting

confidence: 88%

Time, place, and people: composition of the EPIET Alumni Network and its contribution to the European public health resource in 2013

Pezzoli¹,

Keramarou

Ladbury

et al. 2014

Epidemiol. Infect.

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The EPIET Alumni Network (EAN) is an association of professionals who have completed field epidemiology or public health microbiology training programmes in the European Union. In 2013, we conducted a survey of EAN members to investigate this network's role within European public health. We distributed an online questionnaire to members registered at the time, collecting data on demographics, professional background, and attitudes towards EAN. Out of 362 registered members, 189 (52%) responded; 97% were from Europe; 65% were female. Their mean age was 39 years. The highest academic qualification was PhD for 44% and Master's degree for 55%. The majority (60%) worked in public health institutes. They were especially satisfied with having access to job offers and professional networking via EAN, but requested more learning opportunities and knowledge-sharing between members. EAN is a unique platform where highly skilled professionals can connect to control infectious diseases locally and internationally. Having a network of professionals that know each other, speak the same 'language', and can easily access each other's expertise, represents an important resource for European and global public health, which should be nurtured by encouraging more collaborations devoted to professional development.

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Section: Competenciessupporting

confidence: 88%

Time, place, and people: composition of the EPIET Alumni Network and its contribution to the European public health resource in 2013

Pezzoli¹,

Keramarou

Ladbury

et al. 2014

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Georgia, one of the former Soviet Republics in the Caucasus Region of Eurasia, with an estimated population of four million, belongs to the World Bank lower middle-income country group and the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. 12 , 13 Regardless of numerous political, economic, and social upheavals since independence in 1991, Georgia is currently undergoing rapid economic growth. 13 , 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 , 13 Regardless of numerous political, economic, and social upheavals since independence in 1991, Georgia is currently undergoing rapid economic growth. 13 , 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leading causes of death of women of reproductive age in the Republic of Georgia: findings from the National Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (2014)

Lomia¹,

Berdzuli²,

Sturua³

et al. 2018

IJWH

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PurposeAn understanding of women’s health problems during the reproductive years, based on reliable cause-of-death data, is of critical importance to avoid premature female mortality. This study aimed to investigate mortality levels, cause-specific patterns, and trends in women of reproductive age in Georgia.Materials and methodsThe National Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (2014) was conducted to identify all causes of death for women aged 15–49 years in 2012. The leading causes were compared with those in 2006, using directly age-standardized death rates (ASDRs). The accuracy of official cause-of-death data was assessed against verbal autopsy (VA) diagnoses, using kappa statistics, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and misclassification analyses.ResultsOf 913 eligible deaths, VAs were completed for 878 deaths. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were the dominant causes of death (69.6% or 53.1/100,000), with cancer taking a major toll (45.2% or 34.5/100,000), followed by injuries (18.6% or 14.2/100,000). Breast cancer (12.5%), road injuries (9.1%), cervical cancer (6.5%), cerebrovascular diseases (5.2%), uterine cancer (4.1%), brain cancer (3.4%), suicide (3.1%), stomach cancer (3.0%), maternal disorders (2.6%), and liver cirrhosis (2.2%) contributed to the 10 leading specific causes of death, with the majority being substantially underreported in official statistics. This was primarily due to a significantly higher proportion (84%, p<0.05) of deaths routinely assigned ill-defined codes. Since 2006, statistically significant changes in ASDRs, with declines, were observed only for undetermined causes (40%, p<0.05) and ovarian cancer (54%, p<0.05); ovarian cancer and tuberculosis were replaced by stomach cancer and liver cirrhosis in the top 10 cause-of-death list.ConclusionNCDs continue to be the major health threats for Georgian women of reproductive age. The VA method proved a feasible tool to yield essential cause-of-death information for this population. Further research is needed to inform national health promotion and disease prevention interventions to be focused on NCDs and reproductive health needs with an integrated approach.

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“…weakness of the soviet health policy in dealing with social changes and crisis, environmental damage and occupational exposures (e.g. air pollution ), and poor health behaviors including heavy alcohol drinking, smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, were not incorporated in this study [ 3 , 24 ]. Further in-depth research is thus needed to explain the mechanisms by which political conditions in such contexts lead to low life expectancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 131 countries: which configuration of the structural conditions can explain health better?

Paykani

Rafiey

Sajjadi

2018

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundAccording to the recommendations of the World Health Organization Commission On Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) for intersectoral action on health, the well-being of and equity in health within a population are achieved via a complex fusion of policies and actions. In this study, following the CSDH’s approach and considering set-theoretic relations, we aimed to unravel this complexity and answer the kinds of questions that are outside the scope of conventional variable-oriented approach.MethodsA fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of 131 countries was conducted to examine the configurational effects of five macro-level structural conditions on life expectancy at birth. The potential causal conditions were level of country wealth, income inequality, quality of governance, education, and health system. The data collected from different international data sources were recorded during 2004–2015.ResultsThe intermediate solution of the truth table analysis indicated a configuration of conditions including high level of governance, education, wealth, and affluent health system to be consistently sufficient for high life expectancy. On the other hand, four configurations, each containing two or three conditions, were consistent with being usually sufficient to cause low life expectancy.ConclusionsWe were able to configurationally explore the cases and specify the combinations of potentially causal conditions which were usually sufficient to explain high or low life expectancy in different countries. As a result, particular cases were identified for further research. In addition, research may provide support for the CSDH’s recommendations emphasizing the importance of intersectoral action for health.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12939-018-0724-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Population health and status of epidemiology: WHO European Region I

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Time, place, and people: composition of the EPIET Alumni Network and its contribution to the European public health resource in 2013

Time, place, and people: composition of the EPIET Alumni Network and its contribution to the European public health resource in 2013

Leading causes of death of women of reproductive age in the Republic of Georgia: findings from the National Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (2014)

A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 131 countries: which configuration of the structural conditions can explain health better?

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