Population Immunology: Germs, Aging and Inflammation

Faria, Ana Maria Caetano; Franceschi, Claudio

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8712-3_8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Moreover, CD56 dim NK cells of the oldest were responsive to the IL-2 stimulation (59). As previously described, the increase of the inflammatory microenvironment associated with aging (6,55,(166)(167)(168) may lead to degenerative and inflammatory chronic diseases (14,20,44,50,63). However, this immune profile can be important for an efficient response against infectious parasitic diseases, especially for individuals living in endemic areas.…”

Section: The Role Of Inflammaging In Endemic Areas For Chronic Infectmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Given the increase in average human life span, the immune system has to tackle an extensive variety of antigens along its lifespan ( 3 , 28 , 62 ). This is particularly relevant for T cells, and it results in the increase of effector and memory cells ( 4 , 44 ) compromising the response to novel pathogens and to vaccination ( 45 , 52 ). However, considering that not all immunological stimuli are harmful to the organism, distinct antigens might lead to different impacts on health outcome (being immunosenescence the most substantial one).…”

Section: Antigenic Load: Stressors or Immunologic Stimuli?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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Immunosenescence is marked by a systemic process named inflammaging along with a series of defects in the immunological activity that results in poor responses to infectious agents and to vaccination. Inflammaging, a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, usually leads to chronic inflammatory diseases and frailty in the elderly. However, some elderly escape from frailty and reach advanced age free of the consequences of inflammaging. This process has been called immunological remodeling, and it is the hallmark of healthy aging as described in the studies of centenarians in Italy. The biological markers of healthy aging are still a matter of debate, and the studies on the topic have focused on inflammatory versus remodeling processes and molecules. The sub-clinical inflammatory status associated with aging might be a deleterious event for populations living in countries where chronic infectious diseases are not prevalent. Nevertheless, in other parts of the world where they are, two possibilities may occur. Inflammatory responses may have a protective effect against these infectious agents. At the same time, the long-term consequences of protective immune responses during chronic infections may result in accelerated immunosenescence in these individuals. Therefore, the biological markers of healthy aging can vary according to environmental, cultural, and geographical settings that reflect worldwide, and in a non-biased, non-westernized perspective, the changes that we experience regarding our contacts with microorganisms and the outcomes of such contacts.

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Section: The Role Of Inflammaging In Endemic Areas For Chronic Infectmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Antigenic Load: Stressors or Immunologic Stimuli?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…There is a low risk that children with normal intestinal flora will develop high levels of T cell factors and hyperfunction [ 7 ]. When intestinal flora disturbance occurs, patients are more likely to suffer from a series of incommensurate symptoms such as abdominal pain and distention, constipation, and diarrhea [ 8 ]. Therefore, the correlations of inflammatory factors with intestinal flora in children with asthma were analyzed in this study in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of asthma in children and to improve the prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of Inflammatory Factors with Intestinal Flora and Gastrointestinal Incommensurate Symptoms in Children with Asthma

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2018

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundBronchial asthma is a common pediatric disease, the pathogenesis of which is complicated. The correlations of the levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral serum with intestinal flora and gastrointestinal incommensurate symptoms in children with asthma remain to be further elucidated.Material/MethodsA total of 70 children diagnosed with asthma in the Pediatric Department of our hospital from February 2016 to March 2017 were enrolled as an observation group, and another 25 healthy children in the same age range were selected as a control group. The levels of inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], the total load of intestinal flora, and the main strains were detected among all included patients. Moreover, incommensurate symptoms of patients in the observation group were recorded and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) scores were calculated. The differences in indexes between the observation group and the control group were compared.ResultsThe levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in peripheral serum in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The analysis of the correlations of inflammatory factors in peripheral serum with intestinal flora and GSRS scores showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with GSRS scores (r=0.696, p<0.001) and the total load of intestinal bacteria (r=0.813, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe inflammatory factors in peripheral serum of children with asthma are closely correlated with intestinal flora and gastrointestinal function. With the increasingly high levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral serum, the probability of intestinal flora disturbance and gastrointestinal incommensurate symptoms will be increased.

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Immunosenescence profile is associated with increased susceptibility to severe COVID-19

Ventura,

Torres,

Camatta

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In this study we tested the hypothesis that the immunosenescence profile could account for the disproportional susceptibility of the elderly to severe forms of COVID-19. The immunological profiles of volunteers residing in endemic and non-endemic areas for chronic infectious diseases were analyzed at early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A unique signature of inflammatory plasma mediators was identified in COVID-19 volunteers when compared to individuals with other flu-like syndromes. COVID-19 severity correlated with high levels of inflammatory mediators; among them, CXCL9, a serum marker of aging. Patients who progressed to hospitalization displayed high frequencies of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing exhaustion and senescence markers and showed reduced and more mature B cell repertoires, which are typical of senescence. They also had an acceleration of epigenetic age measured by DNA methylation. Therefore, severe COVID-19 correlated with phenotypic, functional, and epigenetic features of accelerated immunosenescence at onset of infection.

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Population Immunology: Germs, Aging and Inflammation

Cited by 3 publications

References 86 publications

Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases

Inflammaging in Endemic Areas for Infectious Diseases

Correlations of Inflammatory Factors with Intestinal Flora and Gastrointestinal Incommensurate Symptoms in Children with Asthma

Immunosenescence profile is associated with increased susceptibility to severe COVID-19

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