Population impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on developmental disabilities in US children

Abstract

Purpose Although previous studies demonstrate associations between adverse perinatal outcomes and developmental disabilities (DDs), study of population impacts is limited. Methods We computed relative risks adjusted (aRRs) for sociodemographic factors and component and summary population attributable fractions (PAFs) for associations between very low birth weight (VLBW, all preterm births), moderately low birth weight (MLBW) + Preterm, MLBW at term, and normal birth weight (NBW) + Preterm and seven DDs (cerebral palsy [CP], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], intellectual disability [ID], behavioral-conduct disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], learning disability [LD], and other developmental delay) among children aged 3–17 years in the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Results VLBW-Preterm, MLBW-Preterm and NBW-Preterm were strongly to moderately associated with CP (aRRs: 43.5, 10.1, and 2.2, respectively; all significant) and also associated with ID, ASD, LD, and other developmental delay (aRR ranges: VLBW-Preterm 2.8–5.3; MLBW-Preterm 1.9–2.8; and NBW-Preterm 1.6–2.3). Summary PAFs for preterm birth and/or LBW were 55% for CP, 10%–20% for ASD, ID, LD, and other developmental delay, and less than 5% for ADHD and behavioral-conduct disorders. Findings were similar whether we assessed DDs as independent outcomes or within mutually exclusive categories accounting for DD co-occurrence. Conclusions Preterm birth has a sizable impact on child neurodevelopment. However, relative associations and population impacts vary widely by DD type.

Research Review: The role of obstetric and neonatal complications in childhood attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review

“…Similar considerations can be done for studies with ELBW (<1 kg) subjects, although in this case the sample sizes are even smaller than in the case of VLBW (Hack et al., ; Szatmari et al., ; Van Lieshout et al., ). Of note, three papers (Breeman et al., ; Jaekel et al., ; Schieve et al., ) considered the combination of VP and VLBW as a risk factor for ADHD, but the effect size range (0.25–0.56) was smaller than that of the studies considering only VLBW. However, two of these studies (Breeman et al., ; Jaekel et al., ) showed a specific association with ADHD‐IA: the cumulative effect of multiple risk factors might be associated with specific ADHD subtypes, respectively (2.8; CI: 1.6–5) (RR: 2.76; CI: 1.46–5.19).…”

Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with cerebral palsy

“…The term cerebral palsy (CP) covers a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture, and various behavioural, emotional, [1][2][3] or psychiatric disorders [4][5][6][7] have been described among children with CP. 13 Other hypotheses, including recent extensive progress in genomic sequencing, raise the hope of major advances in knowledge of these disorders. 5,[8][9][10][11][12] It has been suggested that several developmental disorders including CP, ASD, and also attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may share common underlying causes such as perinatal risk factors.…”

Features of somatic pathology in children with low, very low and extremely low birth weight at different ages of life (review of the world literature)

“…Согласно данным зарубежных авторов, распространен-ность ДЦП характеризуется вариабельными по-казателями с максимальным значением 15-30% в группе детей, рожденных ранее 28 нед, 6,2% -среди тех, кто родился на сроке гестации 28-31 нед, 0,7% -на сроке 32-36 нед и 0,1% -сре-ди доношенных детей [4]. Подобные результаты были продемонстрированы и Schieve L.A. et al в 2016 г., согласно которым новорожденные с массой тела при рождении менее 1 500 г ассо-циированы с 43-кратным увеличением вероятно-сти развития ДЦП (ОШ = 43,5; р < 0,05), дети с массой тела 1500-2500 г с 10-кратным риском (ОШ = 10,1; р < 0,05) [5]. Также авторы отме-чают, что повышение риска развития ДЦП ре-гистрируется при многоплодной беременности: частота ДЦП в случае наличия одного плода со-ставляет 0,2%, при двойне -1,5%, при тройне -8,0%, при четырехплодной беременности -43% [4,5].…”

“…Подобные результаты были продемонстрированы и Schieve L.A. et al в 2016 г., согласно которым новорожденные с массой тела при рождении менее 1 500 г ассо-циированы с 43-кратным увеличением вероятно-сти развития ДЦП (ОШ = 43,5; р < 0,05), дети с массой тела 1500-2500 г с 10-кратным риском (ОШ = 10,1; р < 0,05) [5]. Также авторы отме-чают, что повышение риска развития ДЦП ре-гистрируется при многоплодной беременности: частота ДЦП в случае наличия одного плода со-ставляет 0,2%, при двойне -1,5%, при тройне -8,0%, при четырехплодной беременности -43% [4,5]. В Российской Федерации заболеваемость ДЦП составляет в среднем 4-5 случаев на 1 000 новорожденных, что превышает статистические показатели многих других стран [6].…”