Population-Level Ecological Risk Assessment

Barnthouse, Lawrence W.; Munns, Wayne R.; Sorensen, Mary

doi:10.1201/9781420053333

Cited by 74 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Again, we disagree: there is a rich history of ecological risk assessments being used to quantify exposures, project the ecological consequences, and inform ecological risk management and regulatory decision-making processes (e.g. Bartell et al 1992, Ferenc & Foran 2000, Suter 2007, Barnthouse et al 2008, and most issues of the journal 'Human and Ecological Risk Assessment' since its inception in 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying long-term risks to sea otters from the 1989 ‘Exxon Valdez’ oil spill: Comment on Bodkin et al. (2012)

Harwell¹,

Gentile²

2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Bodkin et al. (2012; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 447:273−287) assessed the frequency at which sea otters Enhydra lutris might encounter subsurface oil residues from the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. They concluded that a pathway exists for exposures of sea otters to residual oil in the intertidal zone, and imply that this pathway has delayed recovery of sea otters. We agree that the potential exposure pathway exists, and the Bodkin et al. (2012) estimates of the frequency of encountering subsurface oil residues (4 to 10 times per year) comport with our previously published studies (2 to 7 times per year). However, we disagree that this pathway constitutes a significant risk to sea otters. We discuss results from our quantitative ecological risk assessment using an individualbased model that specifically simulated this pathway of exposures to a population of 500 000 sea otters. This conservative model predicted that assimilated doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in subsurface oil residues to the 1-in-1000 th most-exposed sea otters would be 1 to 2 orders of magnitude below the chronic effects thresholds that we established using USEPA data and methodology. When we artificially increased the rate of encountering subsurface oil residues, it required 4 to 10 encounters per day to reach effects levels. We conclude that the subsurface oil residues from the oil spill could not plausibly be responsible for any individual-or populationlevel effect on the sea otters at northern Knight Island.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying long-term risks to sea otters from the 1989 ‘Exxon Valdez’ oil spill: Comment on Bodkin et al. (2012)

Harwell¹,

Gentile²

2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…A complete discussion about which population-level endpoints may be used and how risk assessments that incorporate population modeling shall be performed is beyond the scope of this article. For further discussion, refer to Barnthouse et al [7], Munns et al [21], Pastorok et al [22,23], Thorbek et al [24], or Wang and Grimm [25]. Each type of model serves to answer specific questions related to abundance, productivity, viability, extinction, and recovery while having different data requirements, assumptions, generality, realism, and regulatory applicability [21].…”

Section: Survey Of Population Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The continuing persistence of populations is a key concern for environmental regulations [4][5][6][7]. Population-level responses integrate the cumulative effects of chemical stressors on individuals as those individuals interact with and are affected by their conspecifics, competitors, predators, prey, habitat, and other biotic and abiotic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse outcome pathways and ecological risk assessment: Bridging to population‐level effects

Kramer¹,

Etterson

Hecker³

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

217

166

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Abstract-Maintaining the viability of populations of plants and animals is a key focus for environmental regulation. Population-level responses integrate the cumulative effects of chemical stressors on individuals as those individuals interact with and are affected by their conspecifics, competitors, predators, prey, habitat, and other biotic and abiotic factors. Models of population-level effects of contaminants can integrate information from lower levels of biological organization and feed that information into higher-level community and ecosystem models. As individual-level endpoints are used to predict population responses, this requires that biological responses at lower levels of organization be translated into a form that is usable by the population modeler. In the current study, we describe how mechanistic data, as captured in adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), can be translated into modeling focused on population-level risk assessments. First, we describe the regulatory context surrounding population modeling, risk assessment and the emerging role of AOPs. Then we present a succinct overview of different approaches to population modeling and discuss the types of data needed for these models. We describe how different key biological processes measured at the level of the individual serve as the linkage, or bridge, between AOPs and predictions of population status, including consideration of community-level interactions and genetic adaptation. Several case examples illustrate the potential for use of AOPs in population modeling and predictive ecotoxicology. Finally, we make recommendations for focusing toxicity studies to produce the quantitative data needed to define AOPs and to facilitate their incorporation into population modeling. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:64-76. # 2010 SETAC

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“…For vertebrates, the proposed protection goals are, for instance, 'no decline in biodiversity' and 'negligible effects on population structure'. The focus on the protection on the population level may seem to be a clearly defined goal [61]. However, the term 'population' is still not clearly defined in present guidelines.…”

Section: Scenarios and Protection Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only few studies have focussed on the question how population-level effects or recovery may be measured in a population model [61]. The easiest way may be to assess population size before and after a pesticide application and to evaluate if any differences are observed.…”

Section: Endpoints and Measurement Of Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population level risk assessment: practical considerations for evaluation of population models from a risk assessor's perspective

Wang¹,

Luttik

2012

Environ Sci Eur

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Population models are increasingly being considered as a tool for pesticide risk assessment in order to evaluate how potential effects act on the population level and population recovery. While the importance and difficulties of such models have been discussed by various authors during the past decade, mainly with a focus on how to describe or develop such models, several biological and methodological aspects have never been addressed so far, which are relevant for the application of models in risk assessment. These include a critical review of our knowledge of a species, the use of field data by taking methodological constraints into account, how to include uncertainty in model validation or how to measure effects. Although these aspects will be critical for the acceptance of population models by authorities, most of them apply not only to population models, but also to standard risk assessment. In the present article, we give practical recommendations for addressing these questions in population level risk assessments.

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Population-Level Ecological Risk Assessment

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying long-term risks to sea otters from the 1989 ‘Exxon Valdez’ oil spill: Comment on Bodkin et al. (2012)

Quantifying long-term risks to sea otters from the 1989 ‘Exxon Valdez’ oil spill: Comment on Bodkin et al. (2012)

Adverse outcome pathways and ecological risk assessment: Bridging to population‐level effects

Population level risk assessment: practical considerations for evaluation of population models from a risk assessor's perspective

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