Population of white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in a mangrove ecosystem, Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Widiani I, Barus TA, Wahyuningsih H. 2021. Population of white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) in a mangrove ecosystem, Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5367-5374. White shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis De Man) is an essential fishery commodity with high economic and ecological value in the coastal area of North Sumatra. The main objective of this study was to determine the density of white shrimp in each harvesting area and to evaluate the current physicochemical factors in the Belawan mangrove ecosystem, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Four sampling sites were chosen as study areas. White shrimps were caught using ambai nets with a dimension of 4.5×4.5 m in width and 17 m in length placed from 4:00 - 7:00 PM. Measurement of physicochemical characteristics of sampling sites was conducted in situ and in the laboratory. Based on our study, the highest shrimp density was documented in the fishpond area (station 1) (89 ind/m2), while the lowest density was from the mangrove ecosystem area (station 2) (28 ind/m2). Based on the length class, the population of white shrimps was dominated by 16-18 mm shrimps. The gonad maturity level of the white shrimp population was classified into level 1 (The absence of thin-to-thick threads along the dorsal lining indicated the lowest gonad maturity level). White shrimps exhibited negative allometry in growth with a clumped pattern in population dispersion within the study area. The physicochemical parameters in four sampling sites, such as phosphorus content (P), and nitrate (NO3), exceeded the standard national quality set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Dynamics of White Shrimp Population (Penaeus merguiensis) in Karang Gading Deli Serdang Regency, as a Basis in Its Management Efforts

“…Group distribution patterns are most commonly found in populations in nature because P. merguiensis tends to look for suitable habitats such as rich of nutrient sources and other physicochemical factors suitable to support the lives of the individuals. White shrimps were generally harvested in shallow waters and in areas where seawater and freshwater are mixed because in these areas, there are many sources of nutrients in the form of detritus and zooplankton for white shrimp [8,9]also stated that shrimps living in the coastal ecosystem were generally grouped in the pattern due to the synergy of sexual maturity. [10] state that if the value of b = 3 isometric growth or carapace length increase is equal to the weight gain, while when the value of b is greater or smaller than 3, the growth is said to be allometric or the increase in carapace length is not the same as the weight gain.…”

Density distribution of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 based on habitat in the waters of Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia

“…Acidic soils are one of the problems in lowlands and have a large impact on organisms and reduce the productivity of prawn fisheries (McLuckie et al 2021). Furthermore, pH is one factor that affects the presence of organisms in water, such as prawns (Widiani et al 2021). Its changes strongly influence the density of organisms and can have a direct impact (McLuckie et al 2021).…”

“…Its changes strongly influence the density of organisms and can have a direct impact (McLuckie et al 2021). Therefore, the changes in pH affect the physiological system, metabolism, reproduction, presence of food, and stress and reduce CaCO3 levels in carapace banana prawns and other organisms (Yu et al 2020;Widiani et al 2021;He et al 2022). However, prawns are tolerant to pH changes, as in this study by finding prawns at a low pH.…”

“…This research is part of a study of banana prawn (Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888) fishing potential areas based on five distinct habitat types within a coastal ecosystem. The study focused on determining which habitats have the highest densities as a reference for the best prawn fishing areas (Schooler et al 2017;Vance and Rothlisberg 2020;Muawanah et al 2021;Widiani et al 2021). Several previous studies have explained the existence of banana prawns based on their respective habitats but have not thoroughly compared the relationship of some habitats with the influence of oceanographic parameters, such as mangrove areas (Damora et al 2019;Widiani et al 2021), estuaries and bays (Xu and Sun 2013), and coastal waters (Hargiyatno et al 2015;Mane et al 2018;Lantang et al 2020;Sari 2020).…”

“…The study focused on determining which habitats have the highest densities as a reference for the best prawn fishing areas (Schooler et al 2017;Vance and Rothlisberg 2020;Muawanah et al 2021;Widiani et al 2021). Several previous studies have explained the existence of banana prawns based on their respective habitats but have not thoroughly compared the relationship of some habitats with the influence of oceanographic parameters, such as mangrove areas (Damora et al 2019;Widiani et al 2021), estuaries and bays (Xu and Sun 2013), and coastal waters (Hargiyatno et al 2015;Mane et al 2018;Lantang et al 2020;Sari 2020). Those various areas are not yet available to answer which habitats are more abundant in density, have optimal environmental parameters, and support the existence of banana prawns as a reference for prawn fishing areas (Muawanah et al 2021).…”