Population pharmacokinetics of cisapride in neonates

Three decades after its introduction, pharmacokinetic population approaches have become a reference method for drug modelling, particularly in paediatrics. The main practical limitation in this specific population is the collected blood volume. Pharmacokinetic population approaches using sparse sampling may resolve this issue. The pharmacokinetics of many drugs have been studied during the last 25 years using such methods. This review summarizes all of the published studies concerning population pharmacokinetic approaches in paediatric subjects from neonate to 2 years old. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, from 1985 to December 2010, using the following terms: pharmacokinetic(s), population, paediatric/pediatric and neonate(s). Articles were excluded if they were not pertinent according to our criteria. References of all relevant articles were also evaluated. Ninety-eight studies were included in this review. The following information was extracted from the articles: drug name, therapeutic class, population size, age of patients, number of samples per patient, covariates used for clearance and volume of distribution estimates, software used for modelling and validation methods. An increasing rate of publications over the years was observed; 44 different drugs were studied using a pharmacokinetic population approach. Antibacterials were the most studied class of drugs, including a large number of studies devoted to vancomycin and gentamicin. It must be underlined that few studies have been performed on anticonvulsant drugs and anaesthetics used in clinical daily practice conditions.

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Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis during the First 2 Years of Life

Marsot

Boulaméry

Bruguerolle

et al. 2012

Clin Pharmacokinet

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Cisapride disposition in neonates and infants: in vivo reflection of cytochrome P450 3A4 ontogeny

Kearns

Robinson

Wilson

et al. 2003

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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(1) In neonates and infants, cisapride absorption and metabolism to its primary metabolite, norcisapride, were developmentally dependent; (2) approximately 99% of cisapride CL/F in neonates and young infants was nonrenal in nature; (3) CL/F of cisapride in neonates and infants noted in this study was reduced compared with data from older children and adults, likely as a result of developmental reductions in CYP3A4 activity; (4) as reflected by the correlation between postconceptional age and lambda(z), a rapid increase in total CYP3A4 activity occurs in the first 3 months of life.

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Bibliography Current World Literature

2003

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

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Population pharmacokinetics of cisapride in neonates

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis during the First 2 Years of Life

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis during the First 2 Years of Life

Cisapride disposition in neonates and infants: in vivo reflection of cytochrome P450 3A4 ontogeny

Bibliography Current World Literature

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