Population Pharmacokinetics of Oxcarbazepine: A Systematic Review

Abstract

IntroductionOxcarbazepine is commonly used as a first-line drug in the treatment of partial seizures. Due to the high pharmacokinetic variability of oxcarbazepine, many population pharmacokinetic models have been developed to optimise the dosing regimen of oxcarbazepine.Areas coveredThis review summarize the published population pharmacokinetic studies of oxcarbazepine in children and adults. The quality of the identified reports from the PubMed and Embase databases was also evaluated. We also explored the significant covariates that may have an impact on the dosage regimen and clinical use of oxcarbazepine.Expert OpinionThe oxcarbazepine dose regimen was dependent on weight and co-administration with enzyme-inducing medications. In order to achieve more accurate treatment, we should establish PK / PD model of OXC to evaluate the effectiveness of dose adjustment from pharmacodynamic indicators. Furthermore, exploring the pharmacokinetic in specifical patients, such as infants is essential to improve its safety.Article highlightsIn this review, we identified weight, renal function, and co-administered medications as covariates that most likely to influence oxcarbazepine pharmacokinetics.Comparing to adult patients, paediatric patients show a higher clearance per kilogramme weigh which lead to higher doses per kilogramme; they may also require therapeutic drug monitoring owing to a larger variation in clearance.Further studies are essential to evaluate oxcarbazepine pharmacokinetics in special populations such as infants.

Parametric population pharmacokinetics of linezolid: A systematic review

“…Monte Carlo simulations of concentration–time profiles were performed to provide visual predictive distributions (VPDs) and assess the statistical and structural models of the PPK studies 33 . This process has been performed in previous studies 33–35 . The results were evaluated by comparing the distribution of the linezolid concentrations predicted by published models 33 .…”

“…33 This process has been performed in previous studies. [33][34][35] The results were evaluated by comparing the distribution of the linezolid concentrations predicted by published models. 33 An assumption was made that the published models were sufficient to summarize their data.…”

Population pharmacokinetics analyses of rifampicin in adult and children populations: A systematic review

“…The quality of each selected study was assessed based on the adopted combination checklist 27 reported in the previously published clinical PK 28 and population PK‐pharmacodynamics 29 guidelines to facilitate a proper reporting process. The combined checklist consists of 34 criteria divided into five specific domains: the title or abstract, the background of the study, methods, results, and discussion or conclusion.…”

Influence of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype/single nucleotide polymorphisms on clearance of isoniazid in tuberculosis patients: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic models

“…The quality assessment of isoniazid based PopPK studies was carried out using an adopted checklist that was developed from (i) previously published clinical pharmacokinetics [21], (ii) population pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic guidelines [22], and (iii) two studies that developed a combination of the (i) and (ii) checklist [23,24]. The combined modified checklist consisted of 46 criteria categorized into five domains: the title, abstract, background/ introduction, methods/results, and discussion/conclusion, as shown in Table 1.…”