Population Point Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Based on a Statewide Random Sample — Indiana, April 25–29, 2020

Abstract

On July 21, 2020, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr).Population prevalence of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), varies by subpopulation and locality. U.S. studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection have examined infections in nonrandom samples (1) or seroprevalence in specific populations* (2), which are limited in their generalizability and cannot be used to accurately calculate infection-fatality rates. During April 25-29, 2020, Indiana conducted statewide random sample testing of persons aged ≥12 years to assess prevalence of active infection and presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2; additional nonrandom sampling was conducted in racial and ethnic minority communities to better understand the impact of the virus in certain racial and ethnic minority populations. Estimates were adjusted for nonresponse to reflect state demographics using an iterative proportional fitting method. Among 3,658 noninstitutionalized participants in the random sample survey, the estimated statewide point prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was 1.74% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-2.54); 44.2% of these persons reported no symptoms during the 2 weeks before testing. The prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity, indicating past infection, was 1.09% (95% CI = 0.76-1.45). The overall prevalence of current and previous infections of SARS-CoV-2 in Indiana was 2.79% (95% CI = 2.02-3.70). In the random sample, higher overall prevalences were observed among Hispanics and those who reported having a household contact who had previously been told by a health care provider that they had COVID-19. By late April, an estimated 187,802 Indiana residents were currently or previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (9.6 times higher than the number of confirmed cases [17,792]) (3), and 1,099 residents died (infection-fatality ratio = 0.58%). The number of reported cases represents only a fraction of the estimated total number of infections. Given the large number of persons who remain susceptible in Indiana, adherence to evidence-based public health mitigation and containment measures (e.g., social distancing, consistent and correct use of face coverings, and hand hygiene) is needed to * https://www.medrxiv

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG Antibodies Among Adults Living in Connecticut: Post-Infection Prevalence (PIP) Study

“…Our findings of a higher burden of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Hispanic subgroups is also consistent with prior reports demonstrating that minority populations have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. 5,17 There are several explanations for why our state-level estimates are lower than what one might expect given that Connecticut had nearly 43,000 positive cases and 4,000 COVID-19 deaths by June 1, 2020. First, the majority of those deaths were among residents of congregate facilities.…”

“…Prior seroprevalence studies have estimated the spread of COVID-19 in the US. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, the majority have taken advantage of blood samples collected for other reasons or used a convenience sample, which limits their representativeness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a seroprevalence survey in Connecticut using blood specimens collected at commercial laboratories.…”

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among adults in three regions of France following the lockdown and associated risk factors: a multicohort study

“…July 2020 in the general population in Iceland, 3 Switzerland, 4 Spain, 5 UK, 6,7 Italy, 8 Belgium, 9 Germany, 2 China, 10 Brazil, 11 Canada, 12 and the US. [13][14][15] They all showed a low seroprevalence in the general population (<10%), and sometimes identified associations between a positive test result and younger age, sex, ethnicity, as well as lower socioeconomic status and population density. Our main goals were 1) to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the French adult population at the end of lockdown in three regions and 2) to identify the associated risk factors.…”

The Risk Of Severe COVID-19 Within Households Of School Employees And School-Age Children

“…These findings regarding potential within-household transmission take on greater import in light of random testing evidence that living with a household member diagnosed with COVID-19 was associated with a 15-fold increase in seropositivity rates for SARS-CoV-2. 15 Given the magnitude of these results, it is not surprising to read about teachers, other school employees, and even students who say they are reluctant to return in the fall if schools reopen and protections are viewed as inadequate. 16 The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates accommodations for increased-risk employees, and many school districts are allowing at least some increased-risk employees to work at home or receive other protective accommodations.…”