Population Prevalence and Trends of Oral Clefts in Colombia: Analysis by Departments

Abstract

Determine the population prevalence and trends of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) by department for Colombia in the period 2009 to 2015. Prevalence study based on Individual Registry of Health Services in general population from 2009 to 2015. All people diagnosed with CL/P were included for all ages, type of diagnosis, and any type of health services in the mentioned period. The prevalence was calculated by period and point for each year, for each department and according to the type of cleft. Stationarity on time series was evaluated using (Dickey-Fuller) and (Phillips-Perron). A trend test was applied to estimate whether the increase in prevalence was significant in the period. The trend test used was a Poisson regression. A total 15 225 people with CL/P were identified, where 53.3% were men. The national period prevalence of CL/P is 3.37 per 10 000 with upward trend (prevalence ratio = 1.34, P = .05) and nonstationary behavior. The national period prevalence of cleft lip is 0.93 per 10 000, cleft palate 1.17 per 10 000, and cleft lip and palate (CLP) 1.26 per 10 000, where CLP is subclassify into unilateral CLP (0.83 per 10 000) and bilateral CLP (0.43 per 10 000). At the departmental level, the highest CL/P prevalence is Guaviare (11.2), followed by Guainía (8.4) and the lowest Quindío (0.49). In Colombia, the national period prevalence of CL/P is 3.37 per 10 000 with upward trend at national level indicates an increase in prevalence from 2009 to 2015. The 77% of the total CL/P population are infant or adolescent. Geographically, the central region has the highest availability of technologies.

Accessibility to Interdisciplinary Treatment in Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Medellín, Colombia, 2021

“…The characterization of the population object of this study showed a distribution consistent with that of previous studies carried out in the country regarding individuals with CLP [6,16,23]. Socio-demographically, individuals residing in urban areas predominated, the same as that reported by the study by González in Bogotá and Cassell in the United States [13,16].…”

The Global Occurrences of Cleft Lip and Palate in Pediatric Patients and Their Association with Demographic Factors: A Narrative Review

“…Additionally, a study conducted in Colombia by Reina, Brigetty, and Salomon (2023) regarding the occurrence of orofacial clefts in Colombia revealed a total of 15,225 people with orofacial clefts, and the prevalence of cleft lip was 0.93 for every 10,000 births; the prevalence of cleft palate was 1.17 for every 10,000 births; and the prevalence of cleft lip and palate was 1.26 for every 10,000 births (unilateral cleft lip and palate prevalence was 0.83 per 10,000 births, and bilateral cleft lip and palate prevalence was 0.43 per 10,000 births) [ 27 ]. Meanwhile, in a review study performed by Shrestha et al (2023), on the occurrence of orofacial clefts in developing countries, it was revealed that the occurrence of orofacial clefts in Gujrat, India, was 0.73 in 1000 births; the occurrence of orofacial clefts in Nepal was 1.64 per live birth per year; and the occurrence of orofacial clefts in Palestinian territories was 1.01 in 1000 live births [ 28 ].…”