Population responses within a landscape matrix: a macrophysiological approach to understanding climate change impacts

Chown, Steven Loudon; Gaston, Kevin J.; Kleunen, Mark van; Clusella‐Trullas, Susana

doi:10.1007/s10682-009-9329-x

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to this niche-based interpretation, the analysis of Humphries and Careau (187), based on simple scaling relationships, demonstrates that the latitudinal gradient of variation in endotherm energy expenditure can arise as a simple consequence of temperature dependent activity-thermoregulatory substitution, and does not require an explanation based on hypotheses concerning the variety of available metabolic niches. Such approaches, based on the scaling of physiological traits, have great potential to interface with the continuing documentation of variation in physiological traits over large geographical and temporal scales (Macrophysiology: 68, 131), and can serve to provide a mechanistic underpinning to the understanding of macroecological patterns and to understand and predict the consequences of global change (65,67).…”

Section: On the Metabolic Basis Of Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

White

Kearney

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

167

174

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Life on earth spans a size range of around 21 orders of magnitude across species and can span a range of more than 6 orders of magnitude within species of animal. The effect of size on physiology is, therefore, enormous and is typically expressed by how physiological phenomena scale with mass(b). When b ≠ 1 a trait does not vary in direct proportion to mass and is said to scale allometrically. The study of allometric scaling goes back to at least the time of Galileo Galilei, and published scaling relationships are now available for hundreds of traits. Here, the methods of scaling analysis are reviewed, using examples for a range of traits with an emphasis on those related to metabolism in animals. Where necessary, new relationships have been generated from published data using modern phylogenetically informed techniques. During recent decades one of the most controversial scaling relationships has been that between metabolic rate and body mass and a number of explanations have been proposed for the scaling of this trait. Examples of these mechanistic explanations for metabolic scaling are reviewed, and suggestions made for comparing between them. Finally, the conceptual links between metabolic scaling and ecological patterns are examined, emphasizing the distinction between (1) the hypothesis that size- and temperature-dependent variation among species and individuals in metabolic rate influences ecological processes at levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere and (2) mechanistic explanations for metabolic rate that may explain the size- and temperature-dependence of this trait.

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Section: On the Metabolic Basis Of Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

White

Kearney

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

167

174

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“…We have shown evidence that plants are responding plastically throughout the world to the new environmental conditions. However, usually overlooked is the possibility that plants are evolving new plastic responses, a potentially important component of plant response to global change 69 …”

Section: Selection On Phenotypic Plasticity and Global Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Global change and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants

Matesanz

Gianoli

Valladares

2010

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

412

337

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Global change drivers create new environmental scenarios and selective pressures, affecting plant species in various interacting ways. Plants respond with changes in phenology, physiology, and reproduction, with consequences for biotic interactions and community composition. We review information on phenotypic plasticity, a primary means by which plants cope with global change scenarios, recommending promising approaches for investigating the evolution of plasticity and describing constraints to its evolution. We discuss the important but largely ignored role of phenotypic plasticity in range shifts and review the extensive literature on invasive species as models of evolutionary change in novel environments. Plasticity can play a role both in the short-term response of plant populations to global change as well as in their long-term fate through the maintenance of genetic variation. In new environmental conditions, plasticity of certain functional traits may be beneficial (i.e., the plastic response is accompanied by a fitness advantage) and thus selected for. Plasticity can also be relevant in the establishment and persistence of plants in novel environments that are crucial for populations at the colonizing edge in range shifts induced by climate change. Experimental studies show taxonomically widespread plastic responses to global change drivers in many functional traits, though there is a lack of empirical support for many theoretical models on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Future studies should assess the adaptive value and evolutionary potential of plasticity under complex, realistic global change scenarios. Promising tools include resurrection protocols and artificial selection experiments.

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“…We are now assessing the capacities of this material for genetic change across generations and its adaptation in terms of plastic responses (Chown et al, 2010). We are now assessing the capacities of this material for genetic change across generations and its adaptation in terms of plastic responses (Chown et al, 2010).…”

Section: Tested Scenarios and Climate Change Under Temperate And Medimentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and production of perennial grasses under water deficits and extreme temperatures: importance of intraspecific vs. interspecific variability

Poirier

Durand

Volaire

2012

Global Change Biology

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Extreme climatic events are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude as a consequence of global warming. Grasslands cover a large proportion of the European continent and contribute to both agricultural production and ecosystem services through inter and intraspecific genetic variability. This study analysed the effects of summer droughts and heat waves on the persistence and production of perennial forage grasses. Mediterranean and temperate populations of Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) were compared at both Mediterranean and temperate sites in France. By manipulating canopy temperatures and water availability, grass swards in the field were subjected to cumulative summer and spring water deficits (CSSWD) ranging from 329 to 707 mm to test different projected climatic conditions and extreme summer events. Under controlled summer heat waves (6–21 days at a mean daily canopy temperature higher than 30–35 °C), there was no increase in membrane damage to surviving aerial tissues. Plant stress was thus mainly generated through greater soil water deficit. Under the greatest CSSWD, annual biomass production was reduced on average by 60% and 30% with temperate and Mediterranean populations, respectively. Thresholds for a significant increase in summer tiller mortality were seen at CSSWD higher than 450 mm for temperate populations and 550 mm for Mediterranean populations. The latter displayed lower predawn leaf water potentials in summer and recovered through intense tillering in the subsequent seasons. Under the most extreme CSSWD, fewer than 20% of tillers of temperate populations survived and their nitrogen uptake ability was drastically altered. The higher potential productivity of Mediterranean populations in winter was associated with greater frost sensitivity. The identification of thresholds for vulnerability and the determination of the role of genetic diversity will improve the management of plant resilience and the design of new plant material to cope with climate change.

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Population responses within a landscape matrix: a macrophysiological approach to understanding climate change impacts

Cited by 24 publications

References 180 publications

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

Metabolic Scaling in Animals: Methods, Empirical Results, and Theoretical Explanations

Global change and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants

Persistence and production of perennial grasses under water deficits and extreme temperatures: importance of intraspecific vs. interspecific variability

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