Population seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria

Okpala, OgoChukwu Vincent; Dim, Cyril Chukwudi; Ugwu, Chukwuebuka Immanuel; Onyemaechi, Simeon; Uchebo, Obiageli; Chukwulobelu, Ugochukwu; Emembolu, Chuma; Okoye, Ben; Igboekwu, Chukwumuanya; Okoye, Uchenna Benedict; Dike, Nelly Chibuzor; Odumegwu, Anastasia O; Ideh, Christopher; Okoye, Ngozi Christiana; Okpala, Vincent Chinedu; Okoye, Peter Ikenna; Enike, Maryann Chinyere; Onyedikachi, Oluchi

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.040

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In Nigeria, a small convenience sample of different venues in Niger State conducted in June 2020 found a seroprevalence of 25.4% [14]. Another study found 45.1% seroprevalence among a small sample of health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria [15], while seroprevalence of 17.4% (range 5.4% -31.9%) was reported in surveys conducted in December 2020 in the 21 Local Government Areas of Anambra State [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in four states of Nigeria in October 2020: A population-based household survey

Audu

Stafford²,

Steinhardt³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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The observed epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa has varied greatly from that in Europe and the United States, with much lower reported incidence. Population-based studies are needed to estimate true cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 to inform public health interventions. This study estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in four selected states in Nigeria in October 2020. We implemented a two-stage cluster sample household survey in four Nigerian states (Enugu, Gombe, Lagos, and Nasarawa) to estimate age-stratified prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All individuals in sampled households were eligible for interview, blood draw, and nasal/oropharyngeal swab collection. We additionally tested participants for current/recent malaria infection. Seroprevalence estimates were calculated accounting for the complex survey design. Across all four states, 10,629 (96·5%) of 11,015 interviewed individuals provided blood samples. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 25·2% (95% CI 21·8–28·6) in Enugu State, 9·3% (95% CI 7·0–11·5) in Gombe State, 23·3% (95% CI 20·5–26·4) in Lagos State, and 18·0% (95% CI 14·4–21·6) in Nasarawa State. Prevalence of current/recent malaria infection ranged from 2·8% in Lagos to 45·8% in Gombe and was not significantly related to SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. The prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in the four states during the survey period was 0·2% (95% CI 0·1–0·4). Approximately eight months after the first reported COVID-19 case in Nigeria, seroprevalence indicated infection levels 194 times higher than the 24,198 officially reported COVID-19 cases across the four states; however, most of the population remained susceptible to COVID-19 in October 2020.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in four states of Nigeria in October 2020: A population-based household survey

Audu

Stafford²,

Steinhardt³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent Zambian postmortem study suggested that many people who die have an undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection 4. Various studies have determined the seroprevalence in Africa 5–13. A recent systematic review has estimated it to be approximately 22%, with highest seroprevalence in central Africa 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody seroprevalence in routine surveillance patients, healthcare workers and general population in Kita region, Mali: an observational study 2020–2021

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo estimate the degree of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs) and general population in Kita region of Mali.DesignRoutine surveillance in 12 health facilities, HCWs serosurvey in five health facilities and community serosurvey in 16 villages in or near Kita town, Mali.SettingKita region, western Mali; local health centres around the central (regional) referral health centre.ParticipantsPatients in routine surveillance, HCWs in local health centres and community members of all ages in populations associated with study health centres.Main outcome measuresSeropositivity of ELISA test detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific total antibodies and real-time RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsFrom 2392 routine surveillance samples, 68 (2.8%, 95% CI: 2.2% to 3.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The monthly positivity rate was 0% in June–August 2020 and gradually increased to 6% by December 2020 and 6.2% by January 2021, then declined to 5.5%, 3.3%, 3.6% and 0.8% in February, March, April and May 2021, respectively. From 397 serum samples collected from 113 HCWs, 175 (44.1%, 95% CI: 39.1% to 49.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The monthly seroprevalence was around 10% from September to November 2020 and increased to over 40% from December 2020 to May 2021. For community serosurvey in December 2020, overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 27.7%. The highest age-stratified seroprevalence was observed in participants aged 60–69 years (45.5%, 95% CI: 32.3% to 58.6%). The lowest was in children aged 0–9 years (14.0%, 95% CI: 7.4% to 20.6%).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 in rural Mali is much more widespread than assumed by national testing data and particularly in the older population and frontline HCWs. The observation is contrary to the widely expressed view, based on limited data, that COVID-19 infection rates were lower in 2020–2021 in West Africa than in other settings.

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“…, 2020 ) to 4.2% ( Kammon et al. , 2020 ) in Libya, from 16.1% ( Okpala et al. , 2021 ) to 42.0% ( Ijeoma et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of COVID-19 in healthcare workers from 11 African countries: a scoping review and appraisal of existing evidence

Müller

Wood

Hanefeld

et al. 2021

Health Policy and Planning

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A better understanding of serological data and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) is especially important in African countries where human resources and health services are more constrained. We reviewed and appraised the evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and its risk factors in HCWs in Africa to inform response and preparedness strategies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines in this scoping review. Databases including PubMed, Embase and preprint servers were searched accordingly from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to 19 April 2021. Our search yielded 12 peer-reviewed and four pre-print articles comprising data on 9223 HCWs from 11 countries in Africa. Seroprevalence varied widely and ranged from 0% to 45.1%. Seropositivity was associated with older age, lower education, working as a nurse/non-clinical HCW or in gynaecology, emergency, outpatient or surgery departments. Asymptomatic rates were high and half of the studies recommended routine testing of HCWs. This scoping review found a varying but often high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in 11 African countries and identified certain risk factors. COVID-19 public health strategies for policy and planning should consider these risk factors and the potential for high seroprevalence among HCWs when prioritizing infection prevention and control measures and vaccine deployment.

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Population seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in four states of Nigeria in October 2020: A population-based household survey

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in four states of Nigeria in October 2020: A population-based household survey

SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody seroprevalence in routine surveillance patients, healthcare workers and general population in Kita region, Mali: an observational study 2020–2021

Seroprevalence and risk factors of COVID-19 in healthcare workers from 11 African countries: a scoping review and appraisal of existing evidence

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