Population-specific social dynamics in chimpanzees

Leeuwen, Edwin J. C. van; Cronin, Katherine A.; Haun, Daniel B. M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1722614115

Cited by 42 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…individuals who did not groom other chimpanzees at all, were mainly wild-caught ones. Interestingly, a recent study [105] did not find an effect of origin on social grooming. This might be explained by the fact that only frequency, but not duration of grooming was taken into account and no differentiation was made between grooming given and received.…”

Section: Long Lasting Influence Of Early Life Adversities On Social Cmentioning

confidence: 85%

Early life experience and alterations of group composition shape the social grooming networks of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

et al. 2020

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The long-term effects of early life adversities on social capacities have been documented in humans and wild-caught former laboratory chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). However, former pet and entertainment chimpanzees have received little attention to date. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of early life experience on 18 former pet and entertainment chimpanzees, based on social grooming data collected at a primate rescue centre over a 12year period. Moreover, we also focused on the possible short-term effects that alterations to group composition might have on grooming patterns. For this purpose, we compared stable and unstable periods (i.e. where alterations to group composition occurred). We used two individual social network measures to analyse the grooming activity and the distribution of grooming among group mates for each individual. We could show that wild-caught chimpanzees were significantly more selective regarding their grooming partners and spent less time grooming when compared to their captive born companions. We also found that individuals who were predominantly housed without conspecifics during infancy spent less time grooming compared to those who were predominantly housed with conspecifics during infancy. Furthermore, we found that alterations to the group composition had short-term effects on the distribution of social grooming from a more equal distribution during periods with a stable group composition towards a more unequal and selective distribution during unstable periods. Thus, we conclude that the social grooming networks of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees are shaped not only by long-term effects such as early life experience, but also by short-term effects such as alterations to group composition. Remarkably, we found not only captive born chimpanzees but also wild-caught individuals to adjust their grooming to socially challenging situations by modifying their grooming distribution in a similar way.

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Section: Long Lasting Influence Of Early Life Adversities On Social Cmentioning

confidence: 85%

Early life experience and alterations of group composition shape the social grooming networks of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

et al. 2020

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“…Farine and Aplin (1) question the validity of our study reporting group-specific social dynamics in chimpanzees (2). As alternative to our approach, Farine and Aplin advance a “prenetwork permutation” methodology that tests against random assortment (3).…”

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confidence: 86%

Reply to Farine and Aplin: Chimpanzees choose their association and interaction partners

Leeuwen

Cronin

Haun

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Farine and Aplin (1) question the validity of our study reporting group-specific social dynamics in chimpanzees (2). As alternative to our approach, Farine and Aplin advance a "prenetwork permutation" methodology that tests against random assortment (3). We appreciate Farine and Aplin's interest and applied their suggested approaches to our data. The new analyses revealed highly similar results to those of our initial approach. We further dispel Farine and Aplin's critique by outlining its incompatibility to our study system, methodology, and analysis. First, when we apply the suggested prenetwork permutation to our proximity dataset, we again find significant population-level differences in association rates, while controlling for population size [as derived from Farine and Aplin's script (4); original result, P < 0.0001; results including prenetwork permutation, P < 0.0001]. Furthermore, when we exchange "population size" for "density" (i.e., population size/enclosure size) in our analyses, as suggested by Farine and Aplin, we continue to find strong evidence for population-level differences in association rates [generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with population size, P < 0.0001; GLMM with density, P < 0.0001]. Interestingly, whereas population size significantly explains variation in association indices (P = 0.012; see ref. 2), density does not (P = 0.912), indicating that chimpanzees intentionally navigate their social world. Here, we note that this argument is consistent with decades of previous research that has shown that chimpanzees are intentional animals who selectively associate rather than "bump into" their conspecifics (5-8), even in small zoo enclosures (9, 10). Second, we address the incorrect assumptions integrated into Farine and Aplin's simulation approach. Farine and Aplin's rule for deriving "proximity" from the simulated data bears no resemblance to the heuristic used in our original study (2). Where Farine and Aplin

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“…The SNA approach provides a great advantage in describing the social relationship at the group level, in addition to providing measurements for each animal based on its role in the interaction [ 5 ]. In wild and zoo animal species, SNA has been used in several investigations to characterize the social structure and group dynamics [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, only few studies have applied SNA to investigate the behaviour of farm animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Network Analysis of Agonistic Behaviour and Its Association with Economically Important Traits in Pigs

Agha

Fàbrega

Quintanilla

et al. 2020

Animals

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Aggression behaviour has several negative consequences on the performance and welfare of pigs. Here, the Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach was employed to (1) identify individual traits that describe the role of each animal in the aggression; (2) investigate the association of these traits with performance and feeding behaviour traits. The study was conducted on 326 Duroc pigs reared in 29 pens. Several individual centrality traits were identified and used to calculate the Social Rank Index. The Dominant, Subordinate, and Isolated animals represented 21.1%, 57.5% and 21.4%, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between out-degree (number of initiated agonistic behaviours) and growth traits, indicating the similarity of growth patterns for dominant and non-dominant animals. Furthermore, out-degree was correlated positively with average daily occupation time (time at the feeder/day) and average daily feeding frequency (number of visits to the feeder/day) but negatively with average daily feeding rate (gr/min). This may indicate the ability of non-dominant pigs to modify their behaviour to obtain their requirements. The Hamming distances between networks showed that there is no common behaviour pattern between pens. In conclusion, SNA showed the potential for extracting behaviour traits that could be used to improve pig performance and welfare.

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Population-specific social dynamics in chimpanzees

Cited by 42 publications

References 84 publications

Early life experience and alterations of group composition shape the social grooming networks of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Early life experience and alterations of group composition shape the social grooming networks of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Reply to Farine and Aplin: Chimpanzees choose their association and interaction partners

Social Network Analysis of Agonistic Behaviour and Its Association with Economically Important Traits in Pigs

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