Population Structure and Historical Demography of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in Taiwan

Abstract

The oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is a non-obligatory amphidromous prawn, and it has a wide distribution covering almost the entire Taiwan. Mitochondrial DNA fragment sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA were combined and used to elucidate the population structure and historical demography of oriental river prawn in Taiwan. A total of 202 individuals from six reservoirs and three estuaries were separately collected. Nucleotide diversity (π) of all populations was 0.01217, with values ranging from 0.00188 (Shihmen Reservoir, SMR, northern Taiwan) to 0.01425 (Mingte Reservoir, MTR, west-central Taiwan). All 76 haplotypes were divided into 2 lineages: lineage A included individuals from all sampling areas except SMR, and lineage B included specimens from all sampling locations except Chengching Lake Reservoir (CLR) and Liyu Lake Reservoir (LLR). All F ST values among nine populations were significantly different except the one between Jhonggang River Estuary (JGE, west-central Taiwan) and Kaoping River Estuary (KPE, southern Taiwan). UPGMA tree of nine populations showed two main groups: the first group included the SMR and Tamsui River Estuary (TSE) (both located northern Taiwan), and the second one included the other seven populations (west-central, southern and eastern Taiwan). Demographic analyses implied a population expansion occurred during the recent history of the species. The dispersal route of this species might be from China to west-central and west-southern Taiwan, and then the part individuals belonging to lineage A and B dispersed southerly and northerly, respectively. And then part individuals in west-central Taiwan fell back to and stay at estuaries as the sea level rose about 18,000 years ago.

Phylogeography and genetic structure of the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in East Asia

“…The event of connecting the islands of Taiwan, Japan and Korea to the mainland China occurred 2 to 3 times in the Pleistocene [44, 45, 46]. Our pervious paper [16] supported that (1) lineage A was older than lineage B, (2) lineages A and B may originate from the same ancestor in mainland China and were then dispersed to Taiwan at different times, and (3) lineage A moved to Taiwan earlier than lineage B.…”

“…Part of the sequences of the 16S rRNA and COI genes were concatenated in the following analyses. Phylogeographic analyses of 16S rRNA and COI genes were carried out by the neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, respectively, by MEGA 6 [ 16 , 29 ]. Bootstrap analyses with 1,000 replicates were used to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of all haplotypes.…”

“…A network of haplotypes was also constructed using the median-joining method [ 30 ] in Network version 4.6.1.3, available at http://www.fluxus-engineering.com . The historical demographic expansion was investigated by examining the frequency distributions of pair-wise differences between sequences (mismatched distribution) with ARLEQUIN [ 16 ]. The approximate age of the population or lineage was estimated with the formula A = μπ [ 31 ].…”

“…One of the newest paper using mitochondrial DNA sequences to determine the population structure of this species was performed in Taiwan [16], and two different lineages were found. Various DNA markers or techniques including RAPD, ISSR and COI gene were applied to determine the population structure of this species in China [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22].…”

“…Many studies on the population structure of the oriental river prawn were conducted in East Asia, but the populations analyzed in those papers were collected from one specific country [ 15 ]. One of the newest paper using mitochondrial DNA sequences to determine the population structure of this species was performed in Taiwan [ 16 ], and two different lineages were found. Various DNA markers or techniques including RAPD, ISSR and COI gene were applied to determine the population structure of this species in China [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”