Population structure and possible origin of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> in South Africa

Slippers, Bernard; Wingfield, M.J.; Coutinho, Teresa A.; Wingfield, B. D.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00552.x

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Certain isolates from the field in Australia were found to be better for rearing the nematode than others (R. A. Bedding, personal communication in Slippers et al , 2001 ). Similarly, in South Africa, preliminary observations reveal that nematodes imported from Australia are more easily reared using the fungus imported with the nematodes than using the fungus isolated from the field in KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In 2005, an established population of S. noctilio was confirmed in the United States of America ( Hoebeke et al , 2005 ). Slippers et al (2001Slippers et al ( , 2002 used vegetative compatability groups, DNA sequences and restriction fragment length polymorphism data of A. areolatum to consider the origin and S. noctilio populations. Various silvicultural practices have been recommended to minimize the impact of S. noctilio .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

Hurley

Slippers

Wingfield

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

182

184

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1 Sirex noctilio has resulted in one of the most damaging biological invasions of pine forestry in the southern hemisphere. 2 An intensive, integrated control programme has been developed for this pest and is generally considered very successful. However, a critical comparison of S. noctilio infestations and control efforts throughout the southern hemisphere reveals that control has not been uniformly effective. Of particular concern is the apparently unexplained variability in establishment and success of biological control agents, including various parasitic wasps and the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola . 3 An overlooked aspect in the establishment of the biological control interventions for S. noctilio is the potential influence of genetic bottlenecks on the ability of the agents to adapt to different environments and different populations of S. noctilio . 4 Despite established biological control agents, stress in forests caused by silvicultural practices or the environment will predispose trees to heavy infestation. Unfortunately, improved silvicultural practices are not always economically feasible and environmental changes are often unavoidable. 5 Sirex noctilio continues to pose a serious threat to pine forestry in many areas.Despite extensive earlier research into a single integrated control for S. noctilio , it is important to recognize that such a strategy will probably require significant local adaptation in new areas of infestation and over time.

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Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

Hurley

Slippers

Wingfield

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

182

184

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“…The high amount of VCG diversity could also be influenced by sexual reproduction of the fungus in ENA. However, fruiting bodies of A. areolatum have not been reported in North America, and are rare in the native European range [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetative incompatibility assays using randomly selected representative samples from each identified A. areolatum mtSSU haplotype were performed using established methods to determine vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs; electronic supplementary material, S9; [17]). VCG richness was then used as an additional measure of genetic diversity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of fidelity revealed in an insect–fungal mutualism after invasion

et al. 2013

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Symbiont fidelity is an important mechanism in the evolution and stability of mutualisms. Strict fidelity has been assumed for the obligate mutualism between Sirex woodwasps and their mutualistic Amylostereum fungi. This assumption has been challenged in North America where the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, and its fungal mutualist, Amylostereum areolatum, have recently been introduced. We investigate the specificity of the mutualism between Sirex and Amylostereum species in Canada, where S. noctilio co-infests Pinus with native Sirex nigricornis and its mutualist, Amylostereum chailletii. Using phylogenetic and culture methods, we show that extensive, reciprocal exchange of fungal species and strains is occurring, with 75.3 per cent of S. nigricornis carrying A. areolatum and 3.5 per cent of S. noctilio carrying A. chailletii. These findings show that the apparent specificity of the mutualism between Sirex spp. and their associated Amylostereum spp. is not the result of specific biological mechanisms that maintain symbiont fidelity. Rather, partner switching may be common when shifting geographical distributions driven by ecological or anthropogenic forces bring host and mutualist pairs into sympatry. Such novel associations have potentially profound consequences for fitness and virulence. Symbiont sharing, if it occurs commonly, may represent an important but overlooked mechanism of community change linked to biological invasions.

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“…This discovery made it possible to investigate the global spread of S. noctilio, as reflected by the fungal symbiont (101,103,114). Subsequent studies using vegetative compatibility groups, together with data from DNA sequences and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphisms, showed that a clone of the fungus had spread across three continents, presenting arguably the largest geographically spread single fungal individual ever recorded (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SirexWoodwasp: A Model for Evolving Management Paradigms of Invasive Forest Pests

Slippers

Hurley

Wingfield

2015

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, and its fungal mutualist, Amylostereum areolatum, together constitute one of the most damaging invasive pests of pine. Despite a century of research and well-established management programs, control remains unpredictable and spread continues to new areas. Variable success in managing this pest has been influenced by complex invasion patterns, the multilayered nature of biological interactions, the varying local ecologies, and microevolutionary population processes in both the biocontrol organisms and in the wasps. Recent research findings are challenging the historical perspectives on methods to manage the Sirex woodwasp, calling for management programs to incorporate the variable local dynamics affecting this pest complex. In this regard, the Sirex woodwasp provides a superb model to illustrate the need for a different approach to develop efficient and sustainable management tools to deal with the growing and global nature of pest invasions in forests and plantations.

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Population structure and possible origin of Amylostereum areolatum in South Africa

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

Lack of fidelity revealed in an insect–fungal mutualism after invasion

SirexWoodwasp: A Model for Evolving Management Paradigms of Invasive Forest Pests

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