Population Structure and Reproductive Biology of <i>Saururus cernuus</i> L. (Saururaceae)

Thien, Leonard B.; Ellgaard, Erik G.; Devall, Margaret S.; Ramp, Paul F.

doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.1994.tb00082.x

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In these families pollination is achieved by the much broader exploitation of a wide range of insects in different Orders (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera). These insects have small bodies and often lack forelegs modified to manipulate anthers (Barth 1985;Bernhardt and Thien 1987;Thien et al 1994). The Persoonia species of eastern…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pollination ecology of Persoonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia

Bernhardt¹,

Weston²

1996

Telopea

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The pollination ecology of Persoonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia. Telopea 6(4): 775-804. Twenty Persoonia spp. and two interspecific hybrids (P. acerosa x P. levis, P. microphylla x P. molljs) native to eastern Australia were examined. Although these radially symmetrical flowers appear to have a tubular perianth each tepal is hinged at its base and opens outwardly when depressed by an insect at least 6 mm long. These species show an aestival-autumnal flowering peak and four, differing, floral scents were recognised. Persoonia pinifolia and P. subvelutina produce nectar that is sucrose dominant. Twenty two insect taxa were collected on the flowers but field observations and the analyses of pollen loads carried by insects suggested that Persoonia is pollinated primarily by bees. Specifically, the most consistent pollen vectors were native Leioproctus species (Colletidae; subgenus Cladocerapis) and Exoneura species (Anthophoridae). Pollen load analyses showed that both Exoneura and Leioproctus spp. also foraged on the flowers of Myrtaceae and other co-blooming taxa. The deposition of Persoonia pollen on these bees was both dorsal and ventral as their contact with anthers was both active and passive. Female bees in subgenus Cladocerapis usually carried heavier loads of pollen than males, which appeared to forage for nectar exclusively. Leioproctus (Cladocerapis) spp. observed on P. glaucescens, P. lanceolata and P. mollis showed stereotyped modes of pollen collection confirming observations first made by Rodd as cited by Rayment (1950). At two sites, 28% of the bees collected carried the pollen of more than one Persoonia species. The high frequency of first generation hybrids between Persoonia species is explained, in part, by a combination of overlapping distributions, flowering periods and pollinators. The movement of vertebrates through the habitat is relatively easier to see and track compared to most insects. No wonder recent, comparative studies of pollination

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pollination ecology of Persoonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia

Bernhardt¹,

Weston²

1996

Telopea

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“…Stamen features of the fossil flowers are most similar to those of S. chinensis. The flowers of Saururus are reported to be protogynous, with the stigma being receptive prior to anthesis, as are many magnoliids (Thien et al, 1994(Thien et al, , 2000. It is difficult to determine exactly whether the fossil is protogynous or protandrous (with the stamens maturing before carpels are receptive).…”

Section: Stratigraphy and Age-princeton Group Allenby Fm; Middle Eomentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a fossil record for the perianthless Piperales: Saururus tuckerae sp. nov. (Saururaceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert

Smith

Stockey

2007

American J of Botany

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Investigations of small permineralized flowers from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert, British Columbia, Canada have revealed that they represent an extinct species of Saururus. Over 100 flowers and one partial inflorescence were studied, and numerous minute perianthless flowers are borne in an indeterminate raceme. Each flower is subtended by a bract, and flowers and bracts are borne at the end of a common stalk. Five stamens are basally adnate to the carpels. Pollen is frequently found in situ in the anthers. Examined under SEM and TEM, pollen grains are minute (6-11 μm), monosulcate, boat-shaped-elliptic, with punctate sculpturing and a granulate aperture membrane. The gynoecium is composed of four basally connate, lobed carpels with recurved styles and a single ovule per carpel. Flower structure and pollen are indicative of Saururaceae (Piperales), and in phylogenetic analyses using morphological characters, the fossils are sister to extant Saururus. The fossil flowers are described here as Saururus tuckerae sp. nov. These fossil specimens add to the otherwise sparse fossil record of Piperales, represent the oldest fossils of Saururaceae as well as the first North American fossil specimens of this family, and provide the first evidence of saururaceous pollen in the fossil record.

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“…According to the recent APG IV system, Piperales includes three families (Piperaceae, Aristolochiaceae and Saururaceae), 17 genera, and more than 4,000 species, most of which belong to the Piperaceae family [3]. Saururaceae is the smallest family in Piperales, including only four genera and six species, most of which are aromatic herbs with creeping rhizomes [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast genome features of an important medicinal and edible plant: Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae)

Zhu

Feng

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae), an ancient and relic species, has been used as an important medicinal and edible plant in most parts of Asia. However, because of the lack of genome information and reliable molecular markers, studies on its population structure, or phylogenetic relationships with other related species are still rare. Here, we de novo assembled the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of H. cordata using the integration of the long PacBio and short Illumina reads. The cp genome of H. cordata showed a typical quadripartite cycle of 160,226 bp. This included a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) of 26,853 bp, separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,180 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,340 bp. A total of 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes, were identified in this cp genome. Eighty-one genes were located on the LSC region, 13 genes were located on the SSC region, and 17 twocopy genes were located on the IR region. Additionally, 48 repeat sequences and 86 SSR loci, which can be used as genomic markers for population structure analysis, were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis using 21 cp genomes of the Piperales family demonstrated that H. cordata had a close relationship with the species within the Aristolochia genus. Moreover, the results of mVISTA analysis and comparisons of IR regions demonstrated that the cp genome of H. cordata was conserved with that of the Aristolochia species. Our results provide valuable information for analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of H. cordata, which can contribute to further its genetic improvement and breeding.

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Population Structure and Reproductive Biology of Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

The pollination ecology of Persoonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia

The pollination ecology of Persoonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia

Establishing a fossil record for the perianthless Piperales: Saururus tuckerae sp. nov. (Saururaceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert

Chloroplast genome features of an important medicinal and edible plant: Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae)

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