Population structure and succession in temperate forests of southwestern Japan

Nakagoshi, Nobukazu; Wada, Shuji

doi:10.1007/bf00045657

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, abundance sometimes reached higher values than reference systems in older sites. This result is consistent with many studies of forest chronosequences showing that tree density recovers quickly within the first few years of succession and then declines as the forest matures (e.g., [ 14 , 45 ]). It also raises the common assumption of linearity of ecosystem recovery between a starting point and an end point, typically relative to reference systems [ 16 , 46 ], which is not necessarily true [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

A global review of past land use, climate, and active vs. passive restoration effects on forest recovery

et al. 2017

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Global forest restoration targets have been set, yet policy makers and land managers lack guiding principles on how to invest limited resources to achieve them. We conducted a meta-analysis of 166 studies in naturally regenerating and actively restored forests worldwide to answer: (1) To what extent do floral and faunal abundance and diversity and biogeochemical functions recover? (2) Does recovery vary as a function of past land use, time since restoration, forest region, or precipitation? (3) Does active restoration result in more complete or faster recovery than passive restoration? Overall, forests showed a high level of recovery, but the time to recovery depended on the metric type measured, past land use, and region. Abundance recovered quickly and completely, whereas diversity recovered slower in tropical than in temperate forests. Biogeochemical functions recovered more slowly after agriculture than after logging or mining. Formerly logged sites were mostly passively restored and generally recovered quickly. Mined sites were nearly always actively restored using a combination of planting and either soil amendments or recontouring topography, which resulted in rapid recovery of the metrics evaluated. Actively restoring former agricultural land, primarily by planting trees, did not result in consistently faster or more complete recovery than passively restored sites. Our results suggest that simply ending the land use is sufficient for forests to recover in many cases, but more studies are needed that directly compare the value added of active versus passive restoration strategies in the same system. Investments in active restoration should be evaluated relative to the past land use, the natural resilience of the system, and the specific objectives of each project.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

A global review of past land use, climate, and active vs. passive restoration effects on forest recovery

et al. 2017

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“…The cover of bamboo in the forest understorey has been found to facilitate the disturbance-associated fluctuation of community parameters in a Chinese Abies-Betula mixed forest (Taylor & Qin 1992;Taylor et al 1995Taylor et al , 1996, a Chilean Nothofagus forest (Veblen 1985(Veblen , 1988, a Thai tropical forest (Marod et al 1999), and Japanese Fagus forests (Nakashizuka 1987;Nakagoshi & Wada 1990;Peters et al 1992;Yamamoto et al 1995). In Japanese Fagus forests in the cool-temperate region, the dominance of a dwarf bamboo, Sasa kurilensis, is remarkable (Miyawaki 1977), and prevents trees from establishing a seedling bank (Maeda & Miyakawa 1971;Nakashizuka 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of Sasa and canopy gap formation on tree regeneration in an old beech forest

Abe

Izaki

Miguchi

et al. 2002

J Vegetation Science

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We examined the response of tree seedling emergence and survival to the dieback of Sasa and canopy gap formation in an old-growth forest near Lake Towada, northern Japan. Synchronous death of Sasa occurred in 1995. We established four types of sampling sites differing in forest canopy conditions (Closed or Gap) and Sasa status (Dead or Live). Gap-Dead sites had the highest light levels and the greatest fluctuation in soil temperatures. The death of Sasa alone facilitated the emergence (Acer japonicum, Fagus crenata, Fraxinus lanuginosa, and Tilia japonica) and survival (Acanthopanax sciadophylloides, F. crenata, F. lanuginosa, Kalopanax pictus, and Sorbus commixta) of species with a seedling bank strategy. Cercidiphyllum japonicum grew at all sites at a higher density than other species, but survived well only in Gap-Dead sites. This behaviour was associated with a seed rain strategy. The additive effects of Sasa death and canopy gap formation promoted seedling emergence of pioneer tree species (Betula maximowicziana, Lindera umbellata, and Magnolia obovata), probably through break of dormancy by the large temperature fluctuation. In addition, the scarcity of advance regeneration in canopy gaps due to Sasa cover facilitates the regeneration of pioneer species. The dominance and dieback cycle of Sasa contributes to species diversity in this forest.

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“…However, our results indicate that within 20 m of the seed source competition between these trees as well as the adjacent mature woodland for resources is resulting in a degree of natural self‐thinning (Das et al 2011). At distances greater than 20 m from the seed source, the tree density may be more linked to seed dispersal, which declines with distance (Nakagoshi & Wada 1990; Letcher & Chazdon 2009; Broughton et al 2021). Colonized trees are taller next to the seed source than further into the open habitat as they potentially arrived earlier and pre‐existing mature trees (seed source) are likely having a commensal effect, protecting developing trees from wind, reducing water stress, and reducing competition from ruderal species (Meng et al 2006; Craine & Dybzinski 2013; Hughes et al 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the use of natural colonization to create new forests within temperate agriculturally dominated landscapes

Bauld,

Guy,

Hughes

et al. 2023

Restoration Ecology

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There is a global drive to increase forest cover to protect biodiversity and help combat climate change. Tree planting is widely used to increase forest cover, although there is growing interest in using natural processes. However, predicting the outcome of natural colonization is challenging as it is a highly variable process and evidence is sparse, especially in temperate landscapes. Our study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal scale over which natural colonization may be an effective approach to create new forests within temperate agriculturally dominated landscapes. We examine the spatial patterns in tree density and height across 90 sites in the United Kingdom that attempted to use natural colonization to create new forests between 1994 and 2004. Tree density and tree height were measured using light detecting and ranging point cloud data, an increasingly common technique for surveying forest characteristics. This research shows that natural colonization is a highly variable, relatively slow process in temperate agricultural landscapes, spatially restricted to a narrow fringe around existing forests and trees (105 m; 95% CI: 70–174 m, within approximately 19 years), although exact distances vary with former land use. This suggests that in some circumstances natural colonization will need to be assisted and supplemented with tree planting to increase forest cover, especially in areas away from a seed source. In reality, a blend of approaches will be needed to meet policy and land manager objectives, increase forest cover and tackle the biodiversity and climate crises.

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Population structure and succession in temperate forests of southwestern Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

A global review of past land use, climate, and active vs. passive restoration effects on forest recovery

A global review of past land use, climate, and active vs. passive restoration effects on forest recovery

The effects of Sasa and canopy gap formation on tree regeneration in an old beech forest

Assessing the use of natural colonization to create new forests within temperate agriculturally dominated landscapes

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