Population Structure of Phytophthora Infestans in the Venezuelan Andes (2004-2007)

Briceño, Abelardo Morales; Roman, Mario San; Moreno, M.; Fermín, Gustavo; Cedeño, Luis; Quintero, Kleyra; Pino, Hugo

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2009.834.13

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Even for microsatellite markers low levels of genetic diversity have been reported in Colombia and Venezuela [25-27]. Specifically, for Ras , only 2 out of 13 haplotypes found globally could be observed in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low genetic diversity found on global and regional scales in the Northern Andean region (Colombia and Venezuela), in both mitochondrial and nuclear regions, is consistent with previous reports in other countries of South America [ 8 ]. Even for microsatellite markers low levels of genetic diversity have been reported in Colombia and Venezuela [ 25 - 27 ]. Specifically, for Ras , only 2 out of 13 haplotypes found globally could be observed in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the strains from Cundinamarca and seven from Antioquia were previously characterized using mitochondrial haplotype, metalaxyl resistance, isoenzymes analysis (Gpi and Pep) and restriction fragment length polymorphism with probe RG57 (Additional file 1 ) [ 26 ]. Venezuelan strains (N = 12) were selected from a collection of more than 500 strains isolated from S. tuberosum [ 27 ] from the three Andean states of Mérida, Táchira and Trujillo. All isolates were collected from commercial crops.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the A2 mating type was recently detected, but only in one isolate [ 26 ], and a posterior intensive sampling in this site could not detect the A2 mating type again [ 26 ]. To this date, only one study has investigated the population structure of P. infestans in Venezuela [ 27 ]. Amongst the sample over this time period, only A1 mating type was reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern Andean region

et al. 2011

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BackgroundPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal agent of potato late blight, is responsible for tremendous crop losses worldwide. Countries in the northern part of the Andes dedicate a large proportion of the highlands to the production of potato, and more recently, solanaceous fruits such as cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), all of which are hosts of this oomycete. In the Andean region, P. infestans populations have been well characterized in Ecuador and Peru, but are poorly understood in Colombia and Venezuela. To understand the P. infestans population structure in the Northern part of the Andes, four nuclear regions (ITS, Ras, β-tubulin and Avr3a) and one mitochondrial (Cox1) region were analyzed in isolates of P. infestans sampled from different hosts in Colombia and Venezuela.ResultsLow genetic diversity was found within this sample of P. infestans isolates from crops within several regions of Colombia and Venezuela, revealing the presence of clonal populations of the pathogen in this region. We detected low frequency heterozygotes, and their distribution patterns might be a consequence of a high migration rate among populations with poor effective gene flow. Consistent genetic differentiation exists among isolates from different regions.ConclusionsThe results here suggest that in the Northern Andean region P. infestans is a clonal population with some within-clone variation. P. infestans populations in Venezuela reflect historic isolation that is being reinforced by a recent self-sufficiency of potato seeds. In summary, the P. infestans population is mainly shaped by migration and probably by the appearance of variants of key effectors such as Avr3a.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern Andean region

et al. 2011

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“…The bordering countries in the north (Ecuador and Colombia) have reported the same dominating lineage, EC-1, mostly infecting potato (Vargas et al, 2009;Delgado et al, 2013). Venezuela has also reported isolates of A1 mating type with Ia haplotype (Briceño et al, 2009). In Argentina since 2011, the oldest lineage (AG-1_A2) has been displaced by EU-2_A1, which is also present in Chile, suggesting introduction from Europe (Lucca et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and host range of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Peru spanning two decades

et al. 2019

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The genetic diversity of the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans infecting cultivated potato and alternative hosts growing in the vicinity of fields in the main potato-growing areas of the Peruvian Andes was characterized using collections from 1997-2013 as reference. The Peruvian P. infestans population, including previously collected and current isolates, consists of four clonal lineages (EC-1, US-1, PE-3 and PE-7) that belong to the A1 mating type and have been present in the country for decades. The first report of US-1 was in isolates collected between 1982 and 1986; meanwhile, EC-1 and PE-3 appeared for the first time in isolates from 1992 and PE-7 was found in 1997. The pathogen has a very broad host range among the solanaceous plants infecting cultivated potato, tomato, pear melon and several wild species. The solanaceous species growing in the vicinity of the potato fields sampled were identified and surveyed for late blight-like symptoms. Phytophthora infestans was isolated from nine wild species, including three new host species: Solanum zahlbruckneri, Solanum grandidentatum and Iochroma grandiflorum. There was no clear host specialization, but geographical substructuring was found as well as changes in the pathogen populations at the regional level. The clonal lineage EC-1, which is mostly resistant to metalaxyl, has complex virulence and contains a high level of subclonal variation, continues to dominate the population. Some multilocus genotypes of the EC-1 lineage were sampled in high frequencies and were found among the previously collected and new samples.

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Phenotypic Variation Within a Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans Infecting both Tomato and Potato in Nicaragua

Blandón-Díaz¹,

Widmark²,

Hannukkala³

et al. 2012

Phytopathology®

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Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a constraint to both potato and tomato crops in Nicaragua. The hypothesis that the Nicaraguan population of P. infestans is genotypically and phenotypically diverse and potentially subdivided based on host association was tested. A collection of isolates was analyzed using genotypic markers (microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA haplotype) and phenotypic markers (mating type, virulence, and fungicide sensitivity). The genotypic analysis revealed no polymorphism in 121 of 132 isolates of P. infestans tested. Only the Ia haplotype and the A2 mating type were detected. Most of the tested isolates were resistant to metalaxyl. The virulence testing showed variation among isolates of P. infestans. No evidence was found of population differentiation among potato and tomato isolates of P. infestans based on the genotypic and phenotypic analysis. We conclude that the Nicaraguan population of P. infestans consists of a single clonal lineage (NI-1) which belongs to the A2 mating type and the Ia mitochondrial DNA haplotype. Moreover, based on the markers used, this population of P. infestans does not resemble the population in countries from which potato seed is imported to Nicaragua or the population in neighboring countries. The data presented here indicate that the NI-1 clonal lineage is the primary pathogen on both potato and tomato, and its success on both host species is unique in a South American context.

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Population Structure of Phytophthora Infestans in the Venezuelan Andes (2004-2007)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern Andean region

Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern Andean region

Population structure and host range of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in Peru spanning two decades

Phenotypic Variation Within a Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans Infecting both Tomato and Potato in Nicaragua

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