Population structure of Symbiodinium sp. associated with the common sea fan, Gorgonia ventalina, in the Florida Keys across distance, depth, and time

Kirk, Nathan L.; Andras, Jason P.; Harvell, C. Drew; Santos, Scott R.; Coffroth, Mary Alice

doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1196-z

Cited by 54 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…For functional genetic divergence to occur between populations (i.e., local adaptation), the intensity of selection on a certain adaptive trait or beneficial mutation needs to be greater than the combined effects of random genetic drift and migration [107]. The emerging picture on levels of connectivity of both coral hosts and Symbiodinium is that gene flow is relatively restricted for most species of host and symbiont, i.e., that most populations are largely self-seeding [108][109][110], at least over the time scales relevant to adaptation to climate change impacts. This will facilitate local adaptation as 'dilution' through input of less adapted alleles from outside the population is likely to be low.…”

Section: Estimate Of Variable Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Genetic Diversity Through Somatic Mutations: Fuel for Adaptation of Reef Corals?

et al. 2011

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Adaptation of reef corals to climate change is an issue of much debate, and often viewed as too slow a process to be of relevance over decadal time scales. This notion is based on the long sexual generation times typical for some coral species. However, the importance of somatic mutations during asexual reproduction and growth on evolution and adaptation (i.e., cell lineage selection) is rarely considered. Here we review the existing literature on cell lineage selection and show that the scope for somatic mutations to arise in the coral animal and associated Symbiodinium is large. For example, we estimate that ~100 million somatic mutations can arise within a branching Acropora coral colony of average size. Similarly, the large population sizes and rapid turn-over times of in hospite Symbiodinium likely result in considerable numbers of somatic mutations. While the fate of new mutations depends on many factors, including ploidy level and force and direction of selection, we argue that they likely play a key role in the evolution of reef corals

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Section: Estimate Of Variable Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Genetic Diversity Through Somatic Mutations: Fuel for Adaptation of Reef Corals?

et al. 2011

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“…To test this hypothesis, a combination of phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of Symbiodinium (e.g. Santos et al 2004, Magalon et al 2006, Kirk et al 2009, Pettay & LaJeunesse 2009 in the same species of coral from the Indo-Malay region and Western Australia will be necessary to characterize symbiont population structure over this broad geographic area.…”

Section: Symbiodinium Its-2 Diversity and Novel Types In Western Austmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel algal symbiont (Symbiodinium spp.) diversity in reef corals of Western Australia

Silverstein

Correa

LaJeunesse³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The identity and diversity of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) in reef corals is thought to influence to the resilience of reef ecosystems to climate change, and varies depending on coral species, environmental conditions, and biogeography. We examined these factors by surveying corals along a latitudinal gradient in Western Australia on reefs connected north to south by the warm-water Leeuwin Current. We used the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA to characterize Symbiodinium communities in 19 species of reef coral (in 16 genera) from tropical Dampier (20.5°S) to temperate Dunsborough (33.5°S). We documented a high number of novel ITS-2 types in Symbiodinium clades B (1 type) and C (14 types) as well as 7 previously reported ITS-2 types in clades B, C, and D. In addition, we compared symbiont distributions with Giovanni's OBIG MODIS-Aqua satellite temperature data set and found that the putatively thermotolerant Symbiodinium ITS-2 type D1a was more frequently detected in 'chronically warm' tropical sites than at 'chronically cool' temperate sites, while clade B symbiont types showed the reverse pattern, being found in certain corals at the southernmost sites. Symbiodinium type D1a was generally most abundant at Dampier, where bleaching had occurred 1 mo prior to sampling, although some variation by host taxa was observed. The diverse and novel Symbiodinium communities documented here may be a result of (1) the variable environmental histories of the study sites, (2) the apparent genetic divergence within this genus resulting from the relative isolation of Western Australian reefs, and/or (3) the frequent transport of symbionts (in hospite or free-living) from Indo-Malay reefs to Western Australia via the Leeuwin Current. These results indicate that understudied reefs in remote and isolated areas may contain Symbiodinium diversity that has not been reported previously.

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“…Martin et al 2002;Buhl-Mortensen and Mortensen 2005;Metaxas and Davis 2005;Stone 2006), flagellate protozoa (e.g. Kirk et al 2009) or fungi (e.g. Toledo-Hernández et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of a new standardised method for sustainable monitoring of the vulnerable pink sea fan Eunicella verrucosa

et al. 2012

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The aim of this survey was to test a standardised method to follow the demographic evolution of a dense aggregative 'forest' population of the temperate gorgonian Eunicella verrucosa (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) using in situ photographic recordings. Distribution, density, growth and demographic evolution of the colonies was compared along two parallel transects. Computer treatment allowed the estimation of the total branch fan surface area, and the individual growth of tagged colonies was determined by measuring the increase in this surface area, using consecutive photographs taken at two-year intervals. To integrate the potential bias of branch overlapping, we proposed a correction factor between the in situ photographic surface area and the surface area of the gorgonian calculated from ex situ photographic surface area with all branches deployed. The surface-frequency distribution of colonies was converted to estimated-age-frequency distribution using an estimated growth curve based on the net growth rate. The technique used revealed significant differences in population structure and the dynamics of gorgonian colonies, as the two transects appeared to be influenced by different environmental conditions. The recruitment also seemed to vary according to year and transect, resulting in different densities. Our work showed clear results in characterising the variations of gorgonian demographic evolution at a small spatial scale; thus, it is assumed that this method could be a sustainable tool for coastal environmental managers.

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Population structure of Symbiodinium sp. associated with the common sea fan, Gorgonia ventalina, in the Florida Keys across distance, depth, and time

Cited by 54 publications

References 121 publications

Novel Genetic Diversity Through Somatic Mutations: Fuel for Adaptation of Reef Corals?

Novel Genetic Diversity Through Somatic Mutations: Fuel for Adaptation of Reef Corals?

Novel algal symbiont (Symbiodinium spp.) diversity in reef corals of Western Australia

Development of a new standardised method for sustainable monitoring of the vulnerable pink sea fan Eunicella verrucosa

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