Population trends and migration patterns in the critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola) in the Republic of Korea

The State of Migratory Landbirds in the East Asian Flyway: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Needs

“…Analyses of the arrival and departure times of landbirds at key stopover sites have shown that migration distance and the relative locations of the breeding and wintering grounds determine the migratory phenology of Emberiza and Phylloscopus species and Siberian rubythroat Calliope calliope in the Russian Far East (Nam et al, 2011;Maslovsky et al, 2014Maslovsky et al, , 2018Heim, 2015, 2016;Bozó et al, 2017Bozó et al, , 2019Heim et al, 2018a;Park et al, 2020;Wobker et al, 2021). Long-distance migrants generally arrive at stopover sites later in spring, while departing earlier in Ueta et al (1998Ueta et al ( , 2000, Higuchi et al (2005), Shiu et al (2006), Kim et al (2007), Kudo (2008), McIntyre et al (2009), Dixon et al (2011Dixon et al ( , 2012, Kessler et al (2013), Takagi et al (2014), Koike et al (2016), Yamaura et al (2017), Yamaguchi et al (2017), Heim et al (2018aHeim et al ( , 2020, Choi et al (2019), and Uemura et al (2020).…”

“…autumn, and of these, species breeding at higher latitudes tend to pass earlier during spring migration (Wobker et al, 2021). Additionally, biological factors, such as sex, age and the timing of molt are all known to influence migration phenology in many passerines (Maslovsky et al, 2018;Park et al, 2020;Wobker et al, 2021), with protandry being a common pattern (Nam et al, 2011;Bozó and Heim, 2016;Park et al, 2020).…”

“…This species used to be one of the most abundant Palaearctic birds with a vast breeding distribution from Fennoscandia to eastern Russia and Japan (Dementiev andGladkov, 1951-1954;McClure, 1974). However, since the 1990s, its global population has declined by almost 90% (Kamp et al, 2015), with national-level declines reported from Russia, Japan and Korea (Tamada et al, 2014(Tamada et al, , 2017Choi et al, 2020a;Park et al, 2020;Heim et al, in press) and the species was uplisted to Critically Endangered in 2017 (BirdLife International, 2020).…”