Populations, Pathogenicity, and Benomyl Resistance ofBotrytisspp.,Penicilliumspp., andMucor piriformisin Packinghouses

Abstract

house were selected on each sampling Spotts, R. A, and Cervantes, L. A. 1986. Populations, pathogenicity, and benomyl resistance of date for pathogenicity tests. To determine Botrytis spp., Penicillium spp., and Mucorpiriformis in packinghouses. Plant Disease 70:106-108. pathogenicity, Anjou pear fruits were disinfested with 95% ethanol and Populations of Botrytis spp., Penicillium spp., and Mucorpiriformis were determined during two inoculated with each isolate by placing seasons in air and dump-tank water of nine apple and pear packinghouses. Populations of all fungi varied considerably among packinghouses. Spores of Penicillium spp. were more abundant in air spores and hyphae into a 1-mm-deep and dump water than spores of Botrytis spp. or M. piriformis. Spores of Penicillium spp. and M. wound. Decay was evaluated after 3-5 piriformis in dump water increased as the packing season progressed, suggesting that decaying fruit days at 20 C in a moist chamber. stored in bins and processed later in the season increased propagule levels more than did debris Virulence of P. expansum isolates was brought into packinghouses from orchards early in the season. Selected isolates were characterized determined by wound-inoculating Anjou for pathogenicity and virulence on Anjou pear fruit and resistance to benomyl. Sixty, 72, and 89% pear fruits with 2.5 X 106 conidia per of Botrytis spp., Penicillium spp., and M. piriformis isolates, respectively, were pathogenic on pear milliliter and comparing lesion size with fruit. The percentage of pathogenic Penicillium spp. isolates resistant to benomyl also increased lesions produced by P. expansum isolate later in the season. Benomyl-resistant isolates of Penicillium spp. were less virulent than benomyl-46 recovered from an Anjou pear fruit in sensitive isolates. The percentage of Penicillium spp. isolates resistant to benomyl in the Mid-1980 at the Mid-Columbia Experiment Columbia region has not increased during the last 5 yr. Station and characterized as sensit benomyl. To determine benomyl resist

Control of postharvest gray mold rot of modified atmosphere packaged sweet cherries by fumigation with thymol and acetic acid

“…Postharvest application of fungicides can minimize the incidence of decay, but frequent use may result in fungicide resistance. For example, Botrytis developed resistance to benomyl (Rosenberger and Meyer 1979;Spotts and Cervantes 1986).…”

“…Postharvest application of fungicides can minimize the incidence of decay, but frequent use may result in fungicide resistance. For example, Botrytis developed resistance to benomyl (Rosenberger and Meyer 1979;Spotts and Cervantes 1986).Acetic acid and ethanol are universal metabolic intermediates and occur naturally in many fruits (Nursten 1970). Sholberg and Gaunce (1995) found that low concentrations of acetic acid in air were extremely effective for controlling B. cinerea conidia on apple fruit, and did not have phytotoxic effect.…”

Effective Postharvest Preservation of Kiwifruit and Romaine Lettuce with a Chitosan Hydrochloride Coating

“…However, their use can be both non-economical, when the cost of treatment exceeds the loss from rot, and dangerous, because of the risk to select resistant strains by reiterated applications [4]. Moreover, Chitosan hydrochloride solution (1 g/L) was prepared by dissolving the polymer in deionized water under magnetic stirring for 2 h at room temperature (RT).…”

Assessment of Pichia anomala (strain K) efficacy against blue mould of apples when applied pre- or post-harvest under laboratory conditions and in orchard trials

“…Fungicide treatment is the most common strategy used to control this pathogen, but the intensive use of fungicides such as thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil (IMZ) has led to the emergence of resistant strains of P. expansum (Spotts and Cervantes 1986;Vinãs et al 1993;Guetsky et al 2001). This fact, associated with growing public concern for human health and environmental hazards, highlights the need to develop alternative methods for controlling post-harvest diseases of apples (Wisniewski and Wilson 1992;Smilanick 1994).…”