Populations with greater flexibility in floral traits modify mating system in response to the pollinator environment

Leibman, Lia Elizabeth; Rowe, Anne; Koski, Matthew H.; Galloway, Laura F.

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13093

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Contemporary C. americana populations with greater autonomy modify their selfing rate in response to the pollen limitation, whereas those with lower autonomy do not (Leibman et al. ; Koski et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), its mating system is flexible depending on the pollination environment (Leibman et al. ). Populations vary substantially in their ability to produce autonomously self‐fertilized fruits because of variation in the overlap of male and female sexual functions, and the timing of pollen germinability (Koski et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species is native to Eastern North America and its showy protandrous flowers are bee pollinated. Although largely outcrossing in natural populations (Galloway et al 2003;Koski et al 2019), its mating system is flexible depending on the pollination environment (Leibman et al 2018). Populations vary substantially in their ability to produce autonomously self-fertilized fruits because of variation in the overlap of male and female sexual functions, and the timing of pollen germinability ).…”

Section: Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to self without a pollinator (i.e., autonomously) is a key component of the mating system. Contemporary C. americana populations with greater autonomy modify their selfing rate in response to the pollen limitation, whereas those with lower autonomy do not (Leibman et al 2018;Koski et al 2019).…”

Section: Ability To Self-fertilizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Selfing ability and drift load evolve with range expansion

et al. 2019

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Colonization at expanding range edges often involves few founders, reducing effective population size. This process can promote the evolution of self‐fertilization, but implicating historical processes as drivers of trait evolution is often difficult and requires an explicit model of biogeographic history. In plants, contemporary limits to outcrossing are often invoked as evolutionary drivers of self‐fertilization, but historical expansions may shape mating system diversity, with leading‐edge populations evolving elevated selfing ability. In a widespread plant, Campanula americana, we identified a glacial refugium in the southern Appalachian Mountains from spatial patterns of genetic drift among 24 populations. Populations farther from this refugium have smaller effective sizes and fewer rare alleles. They also displayed elevated heterosis in among‐population crosses, reflecting the accumulation of deleterious mutations during range expansion. Although populations with elevated heterosis had reduced segregating mutation load, the magnitude of inbreeding depression lacked geographic pattern. The ability to self‐fertilize was strongly positively correlated with the distance from the refugium and mutation accumulation—a pattern that contrasts sharply with contemporary mate and pollinator limitation. In this and other species, diversity in sexual systems may reflect the legacy of evolution in small, colonizing populations, with little or no relation to the ecology of modern populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ability To Self-fertilizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Selfing ability and drift load evolve with range expansion

et al. 2019

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“…Importantly, they also show that vital rates key to the presence and distribution of most species can be predicted by functional traits. Leibman, Rowe, Koski, and Galloway () evaluate how plasticity in floral traits interacts with the environment to shape fitness via the degree of outcrossing. The authors use several populations of Campanula america to test how pollen limitation depends on pollinator visitation rates, and how floral traits that are related to selfing respond to pollinator availability.…”

Section: Novel Contributions Of This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering the promises of trait‐based approaches to the needs of demographic approaches, and vice versa

et al. 2018

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Few facets of biology vary more than functional traits and life‐history traits. To explore this vast variation, functional ecologists and population ecologists have developed independent approaches that identify the mechanisms behind and consequences of trait variation.Collaborative research between researchers using trait‐based and demographic approaches remains scarce. We argue that this is a missed opportunity, as the strengths of both approaches could help boost the research agendas of functional ecology and population ecology.This special feature, which spans three journals of the British Ecological Society due to its interdisciplinary nature, showcases state‐of‐the‐art research applying trait‐based and demographic approaches to examine relationships between organismal function, life history strategies and population performance across multiple kingdoms. Examples include the exploration of how functional trait × environment interactions affect vital rates and thus explain population trends and species occurrence; the coordination of seed traits and dispersal ability with the pace of life in plants; the incorporation of functional traits in dynamic energy budget models; or the discovery of linkages between microbial functional traits and the fast–slow continuum.Despite their historical isolation, collaborative work between functional ecologists and population ecologists could unlock novel research pathways. We call for an integrative research agenda to evaluate which and when traits are functional, as well as their ability to describe and predict life history strategies and population dynamics. We highlight promising, complementary research avenues to overcome current limitations. These include a more explicit linkage of selection gradients in the context of functional trait–vital rate relationships, and the implementation of standardised protocols to track changes in traits and vital rates over time at the same location and individuals, thus allowing for the explicit incorporation of trade‐offs in analyses of covariation of functional traits and life‐history traits.

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Pollen limitation and autonomous selfing ability interact to shape variation in outcrossing rate across a species range

Koski

Galloway

Busch

2019

American J of Botany

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Hermaphroditic plants commonly reproduce through a mixture of selfing and outcrossing. The degree to which outcrossing rates reflect the availability of outcross pollen, genetic differentiation in the ability to autonomously self-fertilize, or both is often unclear. Despite the potential for autonomy and the pollination environment to jointly influence outcrossing, this interaction is rarely studied. METHODS: We reviewed studies from the literature that tested whether the pollination environment or floral traits that cause autonomous selfing predict variation in outcrossing rate among populations. We also measured outcrossing rates in 23 populations of Campanula americana and examined associations with the pollination environment, autonomy, and their interaction. RESULTS: Our review revealed that traits that facilitate selfing were often negatively associated with outcrossing rates whereas most aspects of the pollination environment poorly predicted outcrossing. Populations of C. americana varied from mixed mating to highly outcrossing, but variation was unrelated to population size, density, pollen limitation, or autonomous selfing ability. Outcrossing rate was significantly influenced by an interaction between autonomous selfing ability and pollen limitation. Across highly autonomous populations, elevated pollen limitation was associated with reduced outcrossing, while there was no relationship for less autonomous populations. CONCLUSIONS: Both the ability to self autonomously and pollen limitation interact to shape outcrossing rates in C. americana. This work suggests that autonomy affords mating-system flexibility, though it is not ubiquitous in all populations across the species range. Interactions between traits influencing autonomy and pollen limitation are likely to explain variation in outcrossing rates among populations of flowering plants.

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Populations with greater flexibility in floral traits modify mating system in response to the pollinator environment

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Selfing ability and drift load evolve with range expansion

Selfing ability and drift load evolve with range expansion

Delivering the promises of trait‐based approaches to the needs of demographic approaches, and vice versa

Pollen limitation and autonomous selfing ability interact to shape variation in outcrossing rate across a species range

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