Porcine Aortic Valves as Replacements for Human Heart Valves

Zuhdi, N; Hawley, W. D.; Voehl, V.; W, Hancock; Carey, J; Greer, Allen E.

doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(10)65683-4

Cited by 103 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is unclear, however as to the effects of the decellularization process on the biomechanical properties of the tissue. Initially, these valves were fixed in formaldehyde; however, these did not have long-term success secondary to graft instability (51,52). As a result, the glutaraldehyde-fixed valve was developed and first implanted in 1971 (53,54).…”

Section: Tissue-engineered Cardiac Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Reconstructive Cardiothoracic Surgical Applications

Mirensky

Breuer

2008

Pediatr Res

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Surgical correction of congenital heart defects often requires the use of valves, patches, or conduits to establish anatomic continuity. Homografts, xenografts, or mechanical prosthetic devices are frequently implanted during these surgical procedures. These grafts however lack growth potential, are associated with increased risk of thrombosis and infection and have limited durability, thus increasing the morbidity and mortality of their application in pediatric cardiac surgery. These limitations are being addressed through the development of living, biologic tissue-engineered valves, patches, and conduits. Pilot studies and phase 1 clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate their feasibility, safety, and efficacy. The optimal scaffold, cell source, and conditioning parameters, however, still remain to be determined and are areas of active research.

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Section: Tissue-engineered Cardiac Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Reconstructive Cardiothoracic Surgical Applications

Mirensky

Breuer

2008

Pediatr Res

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“…Subcutaneous implant volumes ranging from 0.5-2.0 mL are being utilized in this clinical study and thus far (6-12 months postimplantation) no evidence of implant calcification has been observed (unpublished observations). It appears that calcification of collagen implants in both man and experimental animals is regulated by the complex interaction of a number of variables which include: (1) calcium metabolism of individual species, (2) implant location, (3) implant volume, (4) degree of cross-linking, (5) animal age. Thus, while it is impossible to extrapolate the results of these animal experiments directly to humans, such observations are useful from the point of view of identifying potential complications in various treatment modalities.…”

Section: A Comparison Of the Biologic Response To Glutaraldehyde Crosmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of the biologic response to injectable, glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen implants

McPherson¹,

Sawamura²,

Armstrong³

1986

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

170

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The biologic response to injectable, glutaraldehyde cross-linked, fibrillar collagen implants in the rat subcutaneous model was shown to be a function of the concentration of glutaraldehyde used for cross-linking. The collagen was prepared from bovine hide by pepsin solubilization and reconstituted as a fibrillar suspension of 35 mg collagen/mL. Fibrillar collagen implants cross-linked with glutaraldehyde concentrations equal to or less than 0.01% exhibited a response characterized by fibroblast invasion, neovascularization and little, if any, evidence of inflammation. Implants cross-linked with 0.1 and 1.0% glutaraldehyde elicited a foreign body/giant cell reaction and varying degrees of implant erosion. The interaction of human skin fibroblasts with 0.01% glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen in vitro was found to be dependent on the culture conditions utilized to evaluate the interaction. When the ratio of cell culture media to collagen was 20:1, cell invasion of the cross-linked preparations was observed, whereas, when this ratio was reduced to 1:1, such interactions could not be detected. Noncross-linked preparations were colonized by cells regardless of the experimental conditions used. Studies of implants in both the rat and guinea pig subcutaneous models indicated that glutaraldehyde cross-linking concentrations as low as 0.0075% provided enhanced wet weight recovery (wet weight persistence) and resistance to biologic degradation (collagen persistence) as compared to noncross-linked fibrillar collagen preparations. These cross-linked implants also exhibited a greater degree of fibroblast infiltration and vascularization. Between 30 and 60 days, some degree of calcification developed in both collagen formulations implanted in rats and guinea pigs; however, the reaction occurred with greater frequency and intensity in cross-linked preparations in guinea pigs. Calcification in the guinea pig was followed by the appearance of focal areas of ossification.

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“…Glutaraldehyde cross-linking results in the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent polymer chains. Previous studies have described immersing the material in a solution of glutaraldehyde, usually at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3 vol.%, but concentrations as low as 0.0075 vol.% have also been reported to be effective at reducing degradation [40][41][42][43][44][45]. The collagen spheres prepared in the current 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporous collagen spheres produced via thermally induced phase separation for tissue regeneration

Keshaw

Thapar²,

Burns³

et al. 2010

Acta Biomaterialia

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Porcine Aortic Valves as Replacements for Human Heart Valves

Cited by 103 publications

References 7 publications

The Development of Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Reconstructive Cardiothoracic Surgical Applications

The Development of Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Reconstructive Cardiothoracic Surgical Applications

An examination of the biologic response to injectable, glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen implants

Microporous collagen spheres produced via thermally induced phase separation for tissue regeneration

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