Porcine buccal mucosa as in vitro model: Effect of biological and experimental variables

Kulkarni, Upendra; Ravichandran, M.; Pather, Indiran; Li, Xiaoling; Jasti, Bhaskara

doi:10.1002/jps.21907

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Second, the porcine buccal mucosa can only be stored for a short time, making it difficult to manage. For instance, porcine buccal mucosa retained its integrity in Kreb's bicarbonate ringer solution at 4°C for 24 hours, whereas many other storage conditions resulted in the loss of epithelial integrity (Kulkarni et al, 2010). Therefore, it would be useful to find other feasible, reliable in vitro models to assess the potential of delivering a molecule via the transbuccal route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Porcine buccal mucosa is one widely used in vitro model, though it has some limitations. First, permeation studies across porcine buccal mucosa show high variability as a result of various experimental and biological factors, such as the use of different mucosal regions, tissue storage conditions, and tissue-processing methods (Kulkarni et al, 2009(Kulkarni et al, , 2010. Second, the porcine buccal mucosa can only be stored for a short time, making it difficult to manage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting effects of chemical permeation enhancers on insulin permeation across TR146 cell model of buccal epitheliumin vitro

Xue

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2011

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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To find potential enhancers for facilitating the buccal delivery of insulin, a TR146 cell-culture model of buccal epithelium, cultured on commercially available insert plates, was used to evaluate the permeability-enhancing effects of several traditional and new types of chemical enhancers, including N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutamine (Gln), chitosan (CS), L-arginine (Arg), 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone), and soybean lecithin (SPC) (50 and 10 μg/mL respectively). Permeability studies were performed to determine the enhancing effects of these compounds on insulin permeation across the cell-culture model. The enhancing effects of the enhancers were assessed by calculating the apparent permeability coefficients and enhancement ratio. Cytotoxicity of the permeation enhancers at different concentrations was investigated by using the methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results showed that 50 μg/mL of NAC, SDC, GSH, CS, Arg, Azone, SPC, SNP, and 10 μg/mL of SNP had a significant enhancing effect on promoting the transport of insulin across the TR146 cell model. MTT assays showed that 50 μg/mL of Gln, Azone, SDC, SNP, Arg, 10 μg/mL SDC, and Arg had obvious toxic effects on TR146 cells. Therefore, NAC, GSH, CS, SPC, and SNP appear to be safe, effective permeability enhancers that promote the transport of insulin across the TR146 cell-culture model of buccal epithelium and may be potential enhancers for buccal delivery of insulin with both low toxicity and high efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting effects of chemical permeation enhancers on insulin permeation across TR146 cell model of buccal epitheliumin vitro

Xue

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2011

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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“…The storage of porcine buccal mucosa in Krebs bicarbonate Ringer solution helped to maintain its integrity whiles storage in other solutions such as PBS at 4°C for 24 hours has been reported to result in the loss of epithelial integrity (Kulkarni et al, 2010).…”

Section: Ex Vivo Buccal Permeation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional physico-chemical, ex vivo permeation and cell viability characterization of omeprazole loaded buccal films for paediatric drug delivery

Khan

Trivedi

Boateng

2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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25Buccal films were prepared from aqueous and ethanolic Metolose gels using the solvent casting approach (40°C). The hydration (PBS and simulated saliva), mucoadhesion, physical stability (20°C, 40°C), in vitro drug (omeprazole) dissolution (PBS and simulated saliva), ex vivo permeation (pig buccal mucosa) in presence of simulated saliva, ex vivo bioadhesion and cell viability using MTT of drug loaded (DL) films were investigated. Hydration and mucoadhesion 30 results showed that swelling capacity and adhesion was higher in the presence of PBS than simulated saliva (SS) due to differences in ionic strength. Omeprazole was more stable at 20°C than 40°C whilst omeprazole release reached a plateau within 1 hour and faster in PBS than in SS. Fitting release data to kinetic models showed that Korsmeyer-Peppas equation best fit the dissolution data. Drug release in PBS was best described by zero order via non-Fickian 35 diffusion but followed super case II transport in SS attributed to drug diffusion and polymer erosion. The amount of omeprazole permeating over 2 hours was 275ug/cm 2 whilst the formulations and starting materials showed cell viability values greater than 95%, confirming their safety for potential use in paediatric buccal delivery.

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“…Porcine buccal mucosa is closest to that of human in terms of structure, composition, and permeability than any other animal (8)(9)(10). It is widely recognized that temperature must be controlled during in vitro buccal permeation studies (11). However, individual laboratories have used different controlled temperatures, such as room temperature (25°C) (10,(12)(13)(14), 30°C (1), 34°C (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), or physiological temperature (37°C) (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Experimental Temperature on the Permeation of Model Diffusants Across Porcine Buccal Mucosa

Kulkarni

Ravichandran

et al. 2011

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. The influence of experimental temperature on the permeability of model diffusants across porcine buccal mucosa was investigated in vitro. The permeability increased significantly as the experimental temperature was increased in increments of approximately 7°C. It was observed that the apparent permeability and temperature were related by an exponential relationship that conformed to the Arrhenius equation. Diffusants with higher lipophilicities-buspirone and bupivacaine-had lower activation energies for diffusion when compared to hydrophilic diffusants-antipyrine and caffeine. The activation energy for diffusion of the model diffusants decreased linearly with increasing distribution coefficients across porcine buccal mucosa. The results suggested that the buccal mucosa acts as a stronger barrier to the diffusion of hydrophilic diffusants than the lipophilic ones. The log-linear relationship between permeability and temperature indicates that temperature should be carefully controlled in diffusion experiments. These results also point to the possibility of developing heat-generating buccal delivery devices, especially for hydrophobic diffusants.

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Porcine buccal mucosa as in vitro model: Effect of biological and experimental variables

Cited by 59 publications

References 47 publications

Promoting effects of chemical permeation enhancers on insulin permeation across TR146 cell model of buccal epitheliumin vitro

Promoting effects of chemical permeation enhancers on insulin permeation across TR146 cell model of buccal epitheliumin vitro

Functional physico-chemical, ex vivo permeation and cell viability characterization of omeprazole loaded buccal films for paediatric drug delivery

Effect of Experimental Temperature on the Permeation of Model Diffusants Across Porcine Buccal Mucosa

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