Porcine deltacoronavirus induces TLR3, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β and PKR mRNA expression in infected Peyer’s patches in vivo

Xu, Zhichao; Zhong, Huiling; Huang, Songjian; Zhou, Qingfeng; Du, Yunping; Chen, Li; Xue, Chunyi; Cao, Yongchang

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.012

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…For a vaccine candidate, safety is the top concern. It was reported that swine enteric CoVs like PDCoV, PEDV and TGEV are age-dependent disease (Moon et al, 1975;Shibata et al, 2000;Xu et al, 2019b). Similarly, in another study, we found that PEAV was highly pathogenic to newborn piglets (Xu et al, 2019a), but did not cause vomiting and death in weaned piglets at a medium dose of 1 × 10 6 TCID 50 within 7 days (data not shown), for which reason we choose newborn piglets to conduct PEAV pathogenicity study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage

Yang

Zou

et al. 2019

Veterinary Microbiology

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A B S T R A C TPorcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV) is a newly identified swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes watery diarrhea in newborn piglets. In this study, an original, highly virulent PEAV strain GDS04 was serially passaged in Vero cells. The virus titers and sizes of syncytia increased gradually with the cell passages. Newborn piglets were orally inoculated with PEAV P15, P67 and P100. Compared with P15 and P67, P100 resulted in only mild clinical signs and intestinal lesions in piglets. The virus shedding in feces and viral antigens in intestinal tract were markedly reduced in P100-inoculated piglets. Importantly, all P100-inoculated newborn piglets survived, indicating that P100 was an attenuated variant. Sequence analysis revealed that the virulent strain GDS04 had four, one, six and eleven amino acid differences in membrane, nucleocapsid, spike and ORF1ab proteins, respectively, from P100. Furthermore, more differences in the predicted three-dimensional structure of S protein between GDS04 and P100 were observed, indicating that these differences might be associated with the pathogenicity of PEAV. Collectively, our research successfully prepared a PEAV attenuated variant which might serve as a live attenuated vaccine candidate against PEAV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage

Yang

Zou

et al. 2019

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…reported in Hong Kong in 2012 [4,5], PDCoV has continued to emerge and reemerge in various countries, including the USA [6,7], Canada [8,9], South Korea [1,10], Thailand [11], and mainland China [8,9], and has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Because the S protein is the major surface protein, it is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) during infection and a focus in vaccine design [20]. PDCoV can infect pigs regardless of age; unweaned piglets infected with PDCoV display clinical symptoms similar to those seen in pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), including watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and death [7,11,21]. Although previous studies have confirmed the postinfection effect of PDCoV in newborn and suckling piglets, few reports have addressed the pathogenicity of and immune response to PDCoV in conventionally weaned pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a shorter sampling interval will help to obtain more-detailed information about the levels of serum IFN-γ after PDCoV-infection. Generally, swine enteric coronavirus challenge studies use the TCID 50 as the infectious titer [11,21]. Practically, however, the infectious titer of PDCoV strains differs between pigs and cells, but the median pig diarrhea dose (PDD 50 ) of PDCoV in pigs of different ages is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the immune response in conventionally weaned pigs infected with porcine deltacoronavirus

et al. 2020

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Although porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a significant pandemic threat in the swine population and has caused significant economic losses, information regarding the immune response in conventionally weaned pigs infected with PDCoV is scarce. Hence, the immune response in conventionally weaned pigs infected with PDCoV was assessed after challenge and rechallenge. After the first challenge, obvious diarrhea and viral shedding developed successively in all pigs in the four inoculation dose groups from 3 to 14 days postinfection (dpi), and all pigs recovered (no clinical symptoms or viral shedding) by 21 dpi. All pigs in the four groups exhibited significantly increased PDCoV-specific IgG, IgA and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody (Ab) titers and IFN-γ levels in the serum after the first challenge. All pigs were completely protected against rechallenge at 21 dpi. The serum levels of PDCoV-specific IgG, IgA, and VN Abs increased further after rechallenge. Notably, the IFN-γ level declined continuously after 7 dpi. In addition, the levels of PDCoV-specific IgG, IgA and VN Abs in saliva increased significantly after rechallenge and correlated well with the serum Ab titers. Furthermore, the appearance of clinical symptoms of PDCoV infection in conventionally weaned pigs was delayed with reduced inoculation doses. In summary, the data presented here offer important reference information for future PDCoV animal infection and vaccineinduced immunoprotection experiments.Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a member of the genus Deltacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, is a newly isolated and identified virus causing watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in pigs of different ages and breeds, especially newborn piglets [1-3]. Since first

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“…At present, PDCoV is often seen in coinfection with other viral diarrheal pathogens with very similar clinical symptoms, which makes it difficult to effectively diagnose [14]. Furthermore, there are no effective vaccines or treatments for PDCoV, and the mechanism of its pathogenesis is still largely unknown [15]. Therefore, it is essential to develop a rapid, simple and highly sensitive diagnostic method to improve the efficacy of current control programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and visual detection of porcine deltacoronavirus by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick

et al. 2020

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Background: Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging Coronavirus that was first identified in 2012 in Hong Kong, China. Since then, PDCoV has subsequently been reported worldwide, causing a high number of neonatal piglet deaths and significant economic losses to the swine industry. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid diagnosis of PDCoV.Results: In the present study, a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic method using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD-RPA) was developed for rapid and visual detection of PDCoV. The system can be performed under a broad range of temperature conditions from 10 to 37°C, and the detection of PDCoV can be completed in 10 min at 37°C. The sensitivity of this assay was 10 times higher than that of conventional PCR with a lower detection limit of 1 × 10 2 copies/µl of PDCoV. Meanwhile, the LFD-RPA assay specifically amplified PDCoV, while there was no cross-amplification with other swine-associated viruses, including Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Seneca valley virus (SVV). The repeatability of the test results indicated that this assay had good repeatability. In addition, 68 clinical samples (48 fecal swab specimens and 20 intestinal specimens) were further tested by LFD-RPA and RT-PCR assay. The positive rate of LFD-RPA clinical samples was 26.47% higher than that of conventional PCR (23.53%). Conclusions: The LFD-RPA assay successfully detected PDCoV in less than 20 min in this study, providing a potentially valuable tool to improve molecular detection for PDCoV and to monitor the outbreak of PDCoV, especially in low-resource areas and laboratories.

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Porcine deltacoronavirus induces TLR3, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β and PKR mRNA expression in infected Peyer’s patches in vivo

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage

Attenuation and characterization of porcine enteric alphacoronavirus strain GDS04 via serial cell passage

Evaluation of the immune response in conventionally weaned pigs infected with porcine deltacoronavirus

Rapid and visual detection of porcine deltacoronavirus by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick

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